Maslow Was Wrong
Nain’sPorous Hierarchy of Needs: An Alternative to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs1.
“Maslow’s model treats all men as pre-programmed robots, all of whom have the same pre-programmed pattern of needs.” Maslow Hierarchy of Needs2:
Introduction
Maslow‟s Need Theory supposedly forms as one of the bedrock principles of psychology3, and it has been applied to diverse fields like organizational behaviour4, organizational/&behavioural economics5, and management studies6 and beyond7. In the fields of organizational behaviour, organizational economics, and management studies it has been applied by using the said theory as a basis to serveas a theory of motivation for the employees by understanding the employees‟ needs.
1
By Bhavya Nain, an independent legal professional. Author can be contacted at: bhavya_nain@yahoo.com; bhavyanain@gmail.com.
2
(A six need revised model based on Maslow‟s later writings in 1970s),See Amit Abraham, General Psychology, Tata McGraw Hill(2011),p.366; However, there are also other so called Maslow‟s need modelsas given in Ward, David and Lasen, Marta (2009): An Overview of Needs Theories behind Consumerism, MPRA.[the most famous Maslow Model being the five need model based on his writings in 1940s-50s].
3
Mark E. Koltko-Rivera, “Rediscovering the Later Version of Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Transcendence and Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Unification”, Review of General Psychology, 2006, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 302–317; Although Maslow referred to additional aspects of motivation (in 1970s) , 'Cognitive' and 'Aesthetic', he did not include them as formal levels or stages within his own expression of the Hierarchy of Needs.
4
Mustafa, H. (1992). The contributions of psychology to the study of administrative behaviour, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 5(4), 15; Andrew Neher, Maslow's Theory of Motivation: A Critique, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 1991; Vol. 31; p. 89.
5
W. Fred van Raaijand KassayeWandwossen
“Maslow’s model treats all men as pre-programmed robots, all of whom have the same pre-programmed pattern of needs.” Maslow Hierarchy of Needs2:
Introduction
Maslow‟s Need Theory supposedly forms as one of the bedrock principles of psychology3, and it has been applied to diverse fields like organizational behaviour4, organizational/&behavioural economics5, and management studies6 and beyond7. In the fields of organizational behaviour, organizational economics, and management studies it has been applied by using the said theory as a basis to serveas a theory of motivation for the employees by understanding the employees‟ needs.
1
By Bhavya Nain, an independent legal professional. Author can be contacted at: bhavya_nain@yahoo.com; bhavyanain@gmail.com.
2
(A six need revised model based on Maslow‟s later writings in 1970s),See Amit Abraham, General Psychology, Tata McGraw Hill(2011),p.366; However, there are also other so called Maslow‟s need modelsas given in Ward, David and Lasen, Marta (2009): An Overview of Needs Theories behind Consumerism, MPRA.[the most famous Maslow Model being the five need model based on his writings in 1940s-50s].
3
Mark E. Koltko-Rivera, “Rediscovering the Later Version of Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Transcendence and Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Unification”, Review of General Psychology, 2006, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 302–317; Although Maslow referred to additional aspects of motivation (in 1970s) , 'Cognitive' and 'Aesthetic', he did not include them as formal levels or stages within his own expression of the Hierarchy of Needs.
4
Mustafa, H. (1992). The contributions of psychology to the study of administrative behaviour, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 5(4), 15; Andrew Neher, Maslow's Theory of Motivation: A Critique, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 1991; Vol. 31; p. 89.
5
W. Fred van Raaijand KassayeWandwossen