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Juvenile Delinquency

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Juvenile Delinquency
Exploring the Connection between Immigration and Violent Crime Rates in U.S. Cities,
1980–2000Author(s): Graham C. Ousey, Charis E. KubrinReviewed work(s):Source: Social Problems, Vol. 56, No. 3 (August 2009), pp. 447-473Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Society for the Study of Social ProblemsStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/sp.2009.56.3.447 .Accessed: 18/11/2012 00:12Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp .JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. .University of California Press and Society for the Study of Social Problems are collaborating with JSTOR todigitize, preserve and extend access to Social Problems.http://www.jstor.org
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Social Problems, Vol. 56, Issue 3, pp. 447–473, ISSN 0037-7791, electronic ISSN 1533-8533. © 2009 by Society for the Study of
Social Problems, Inc. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website at www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo/asp.
DOI: 10.1525/sp.2009.56.3.447.
Exploring the Connection between
Immigration and Violent Crime Rates in U.S. Cities, 1980–2000
Graham C. Ousey, College of William & Mary
Charis E. Kubrin, George Washington University
A popular perception is that immigration causes higher crime rates. Yet, historical and contemporary research finds that at the individual level,



References: Alba, Richard and Victor Nee. 1997. “Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration.” International Migration Review 31:826–74. Bankston, Carl L. III. 1998. “Youth Gangs and the New Second Generation: A Review Essay.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 3:35–45. Baumer, Eric, Janet L. Lauritsen, Richard Rosenfeld, and Richard Wright. 1998. “The Influence of Crack Cocaine on Robbery, Burglary, and Homicide Rates: A Cross-City, Longitudinal Analysis.” Journal of Beck, Roy. 1996. The Case against Immigration. New York: W.W. Norton. Blumstein, Alfred. 1995.“ Youth Violence, Guns, and the Illicit-Drug Industry.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86:10–36. Blumstein, Alfred and Wallman, Joel. 2000. The Crime Drop in America. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Borjas, George J. 1990. Friends or Strangers: The Impact of Immigrants on the U.S. Economy. New York: Basic Books. ———. 2003. “The Labor Demand is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 118:1335–74. Borjas, George J., Richard B. Freeman, and Lawrence F. Katz. 1997. “How Much Do Immigration and Trade Affect Labor Market Outcomes?” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1:1–90. Brame, Robert, Shawn D. Bushway, and Raymond Paternoster. 1999. “On the Use of Panel Research Designs and Random Effects Models to Investigate Static and Dynamic Theories of Criminal Offending.” Brooks, David. 2006. “Immigrants to be Proud Of.” New York Times, March 30. Retrieved June 24, 2008. Butcher, Kristin F. and Anne Morrison Piehl. 1998a. “Cross-City Evidence on the Relationship between Immigration and Crime.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 17:457–93. ———. 1998b. “Recent Immigrants: Unexpected Implications for Crime and Incarceration.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 51:654–79. ———. 2005. “Why are Immigrants’ Incarceration Rates so Low? Evidence on Selective Immigration, Deterrence, and Deportation.” FRB Chicago Working Paper No (http://ssrn.com/abstract=871071). Cantor, David and Kenneth C. Land. 1985. “Unemployment and Crime Rate Fluctuations in Post-World War II United States: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis.” American Sociological Review 50:317–32. ———. 2001. “Unemployment and Crime Rate Fluctuations: A Comment on Greenberg.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 17:329–42. Table C1 • Fixed-Effects Estimates of the Effect of the Immigration Index on Family Instability Measures, 1980–2000 Chilton, Roland and Dee Weber. 2000. Uniform Crime Reporting Program [United States]: Arrests By Age, Sex, and Race For Police Agencies In Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1960–1997 [computer file]. Chiricos, Theodore G. 1987. “Rates of Crime and Unemployment: An Analysis of Aggregate Research Evidence.” Social Problems 34:187–212. Engbersen, Godfried and Joanne van der Leun. 2001. “The Social Construction of Illegality and Criminality.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 9:51–70. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 2006a. Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: Arrests by Age, Sex, and Race, 2000 [computer file] ———. 2006b. Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: Arrests by Age, Sex, and Race, 2001 [computer file] ———. 2007. Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: Arrests by Age, Sex, and Race, 2002 [computer file] Fryer, Roland G., Jr., Paul S. Heaton, Steven D. Levitt, and Kevin M. Murphy. 2005. “Measuring the Impact of Crack Cocaine.” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 11318 Fukuyama, Francis. 1993. “Immigrants and Family Values.” Commentary 95:26–32. Hagan, John and Alberto Palloni. 1999. “Sociological Criminology and the Mythology of Hispanic Immigration and Crime.” Social Problems 46:617–32. Hagan, John, Ron Levi, and Ronit Dinovitzer. 2008. “The Symbolic Violence of the Crime-Immigration Nexus: Migrant Mythologies in the Americas.” Criminology and Public Policy 7:95–112. Hirschi, Travis and Michael Gottfredson. 1983. “Age and the Explanation of Crime.” American Journal of Sociology 89:552–84. Jacobs, Bruce A. 2000. Robbing Drug Dealers: Violence Beyond the Law. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. LaFree, Gary and Kriss A. Drass. 1996. “The Effect of Changes in Intraracial Income Inequality and Educational Attainment on Changes in Arrest Rates for African Americans and Whites, 1957 to 1990.” Land, Kenneth C., Patricia L. McCall, and Lawrence E. Cohen. 1990. “Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There Any Invariances across Time and Social Space?” American Journal of Sociology Lee, Matthew T. and Ramiro Martinez. 2002. “Social Disorganization Revisited: Mapping the Recent Immigration and Black Homicide Relationship in Northern Miami.” Sociological Focus 35:363–80. Lee, Matthew T., Ramiro Martinez, and Richard Rosenfeld. 2001. “Does Immigration Increase Homicide? Negative Evidence from Three Border Cities.” Sociological Quarterly 42:559–80.

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