Introduction to Psychology

1. Which of the following is not part of “the Psychological Triad?” A) behavior B) thought *C) mental health D) feelings

2.Personality psychology shares with clinical psychology A) an emphasis on mental health and the treatment of psychological problems. *B) a common obligation to try to understand the whole person. C) a requirement that both personality psychologists and clinical psychologists be licensed. D) the fact that both personality psychologists and clinical psychologists are usually in private practice rather than universities.

3.Personality psychology and clinical psychology overlap most often when approaching ________. A) personality processes *B) personality disorders C) personality development D) None of the above.

4.Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Personality psychology is where the rest of psychology comes together. *B) Personality psychology addresses questions that are entirely separate from the rest of psychology. C) Personality psychology draws heavily from social, cognitive, developmental, and biological psychology. D) Personality psychology is allied closely with clinical psychology.

5.Personality is an individual’s characteristic patterns of A) behavior. B) emotion. C) thought. *D) All of the above.

6.The unique mandate of personality psychologists is to attempt A) to identify and measure individual differences in ability and behavior. B) to determine the effect of the social environment on behavior. *C) to explain whole, functioning persons in their social context. D) to prevent or treat psychological personality disorders.

7.In observing human behavior, it is impossible *A) to understand everything about a person all at once. B) to choose to limit what you look at in a person. C) to find patterns across different kinds of observation. D) to make any real progress towards solving the personality puzzle.

8.The purpose of a basic approach (or paradigm) is A) to expand the range of data you consider. B) to integrate diverse perspectives. *C) to limit an approach to certain kinds of observations and patterns. D) to resolve contradictions in data.

9.Which of the following is NOT one of the basic approaches to personality? A) psychoanalytic B) learning *C) assessment D) phenomenological

10.Personality psychologists who adhere to the ________ approach focus on identifying, conceptualizing, and measuring the ways in which people differ psychologically from one another. A) psychoanalytic *B) trait C) cognitive D) phenomenological

11.Personality psychologists adhering to the ________ approach focus on psychic energy, the workings of the unconscious mind, and the nature and resolution of internal mental conflict.
* A) psychoanalytic B) trait C) cognitive D) phenomenological

12.Psychologists following the phenomenological approach ________. A) focus on the workings of the unconscious mind and the resolution of internal mental conflict B) study how overt behavior is affected by rewards and punishments C) build theoretical models of how people process information
* D) are concerned with our conscious experience of the world and the consequences of having free will

13.What two topics are covered under the phenomenological approach?
* A) humanistic and cross-cultural perspectives on personality B) humanistic and social-learning perspectives on personality C) cross-cultural and cognitive perspectives on personality D) trait and cross-cultural perspectives on personality

14.The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments is known as the ________ paradigm. A) trait *B) behaviorist C) phenomenological D) psychoanalytic

15.What types of things would a classical behaviorist examine? *A) rewards and punishments B) drives and impulses C) the self and certain attitudes D) instincts
16.
________ theories of personality apply the insights and methods derived from the study of perception, memory, and thought to the study of personality. A) Psychoanalytic B) Trait *C) Learning and cognitive D) Phenomenological

17.Advocates of any particular basic approach to personality historically *A) claimed that their approach explains everything worth explaining. B) admitted that other approaches have their good points. C) proudly asserted that they have deliberately limited what they have chosen to look at. D) claimed that approaches cannot be compared to each other.

18.The trait approach, the behaviorist approach, and the psychoanalytic approach A) are irreconcilable and contradictory views of human psychology. B) are all part of the One Big Theory (OBT). C) all address the biological basis of human psychology.
* D) address different sets of questions about human psychology.

19.The task of an employer who attempts to identify dependable, conscientious, and hard-working job applicants is similar to the task of the ________ psychologist, who attempts to identify and assess individual differences. A) psychoanalytic
* B) trait C) cognitive D) behavioral

20.Jeff suspects that his roommate’s sexist jokes may indicate that his roommate has some hidden, unconscious hostility toward women or that he feels very insecure around women. Jeff’s analysis suggests a ________ approach to personality. *A) psychoanalytic B) trait C) phenomenological D) behaviorist

21.Each of the several approaches to personality is good at handling its own key concerns, *A) but generally ignores the key concerns of the other approaches. B) as well as the key concerns of the other approaches. C) and also explains the role of unconscious motivation. D) and is also very effective at changing behavior.

22.Personality psychology has a variety of theoretical perspectives that are sometimes seen as competing with each other. Regarding this diversity, a major theme of your textbook is: ________. A) the personality puzzle will never be solved. B) the One Big Theory (OBT) can account for everything in personality. *C) great strengths are usually great weaknesses. D) a single basic approach must be chosen as best on the basis of rigorous data analysis.

23.Personality psychology emphasizes how A) all people are basically the same. B) predicting behavior is impossible. *C) people differ from each other. D) adults are different from children.

24.Personality psychology emphasizes how people are ________, whereas subfields such as cognitive and social psychology emphasize how people are ________. A) similar to each other; different from each other *B) different from each other; similar to each other C) essentially good; essentially bad D) motivated by unconscious forces; motivated by conscious forces

25.According to the text, what is the starting place for all of personality psychology? *A) the existence of individual differences B) evolutionary theory C) the writings of William James D) the basics of statistical theory and experimental design