Hemophilia

“Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn't clot normally. Hemophilia usually is inherited. People born with hemophilia have little or no clotting factor (a protein needed for normal blood clotting).... These proteins work with platelets to help clot the blood. Platelets are small blood cell fragments that form in the bone marrow. When blood vessels are injured, clotting factors help platelets stick together to plug cuts and breaks on the vessels and stop bleeding. The two main types of hemophilia are A and B. If you have hemophilia A, you're missing or have low levels of clotting factor VIII... About 8 out of 10 people who have hemophilia have type A. If you have hemophilia B, you're missing or have low levels of clotting
These genes are located on the X chromosomes. A male who has a hemophilia gene on his X chromosome will have hemophilia (1).” When a female has a hemophilia gene on only one of her X chromosomes, she is a "hemophilia carrier” and can pass the gene to her children. “Sometimes carriers have low levels of clotting factor and have symptoms of hemophilia, including bleeding. Very rarely, a girl may be born with a very low clotting factor level and have a greater risk for bleeding, similar to boys who have hemophilia and very low levels of clotting factor.... Some males who have the disorder are born to mothers who aren't carriers. In these cases, a mutation (random change) occurs in the gene as it is passed to the child
Males who have severe hemophilia may bleed heavily after circumcision. Bleeding can occur on externally or internally (2)....” Signs of external bleeding may include: bleeding in the mouth from a cut or bite or from cutting or losing a tooth, nosebleeds for no obvious reason, heavy bleeding from a minor cut, or bleeding from a cut that resumes after stopping for a short time. Signs of internal bleeding may include: blood in the urine (from bleeding in the kidneys or bladder), blood in the stool (from bleeding in the intestines or stomach), or large bruises (from bleeding into the large muscles of the body) (1). “Bleeding in the knees, elbows, or other joints is another common form of internal bleeding in people who have hemophilia. This bleeding can occur without obvious injury. At first, the bleeding causes tightness in the joint with no real pain or any visible signs of bleeding. The joint then becomes swollen, hot to touch, and painful to bend. Swelling continues as bleeding continues. Eventually, movement in the joint is temporarily lost. Pain can be severe. Joint bleeding that isn't treated quickly can damage the joint