EX2

Question 1 2 pts
What is social structure? a collection of sociological theories that rely on examining the difference between rich and poor a collection of forces that serve as the foundation of society a collection of social phenomena that enforce egalitarian principles a collection of rules that dictate how individuals behave Question 2 2 pts
Which of the following best illustrates a breakdown in social structure? Wall Street after the housing market crashed a parking lot after a sporting event a home after a house fire New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina Question 3 2 pts
How quickly does social structure tend to change? Social structure is incapable of change. Social structure is durable but changes moderately quickly. Social structure is highly volatile and changes very quickly. Social structure changes over time but tends to do so very slowly. Question 4 2 pts
What two components make up social structure? social hierarchy and institutional environments social inequality and structuralism social institutions and social arrangements social trends and traditions Question 5 2 pts
Which of the following statements regarding social hierarchy and life chances is true? Where we stand in key social hierarchies has a huge bearing on life chances. Where we stand in key social hierarchies is inconsequential to life chances. Where we stand in key social hierarchies is generally arbitrary and has an equally arbitrary bearing on life chances. Where we stand in key social hierarchies as an adult, but not as a child, has a huge bearing on life chances. Question 6 2 pts
What is intergenerational mobility? the movement of individuals from the social position of their parents into one of their own as adults the movement of individuals through life's key stages, from infancy forward the movement of individuals from one part of the country to another as they age the movement of individuals from one social class to another Question 7 2 pts
The barrier against the advancement of which group is typically called a glass ceiling? African Americans low-income men homosexuals women Question 8 2 pts
How is privilege most commonly maintained? through discrimination through apartheid with money by means of gated neighborhoods Question 9 2 pts
How do populations most commonly change over time? through legal mandates through intergenerational mobility through reproduction through immigration Question 10 2 pts
What are institutions? enduring customs and concrete organizations concrete organizations, such as schools enduring customs, concrete organizations, and members of social groups enduring customs, such as marriage Question 11 2 pts
Which of the following is NOT a social institution? role models marriage schools government Question 12 2 pts
Rich people work harder and take better advantage of opportunities than poor people. False True Question 13 2 pts
All societies have social hierarchies. True False Question 14 2 pts
More people now live in __________ households than at any other time in history. one-person two-family two-person multifamily Question 15 2 pts
Compared with their married counterparts, single people are likely to do more of all the following EXCEPT __________. go to restaurants attend lectures hunker down at home spend time with friends and neighbors Question 16 2 pts
Bourdieu's concept of habitus refers to __________. how culture first developed in humans our tastes, preferences, and skills the subculture we belong to our socioeconomic status Question 17 2 pts
What is a cultural tool kit? A set of research methods that ethnographers use. A set of behaviors that we adopt to impress cultural elites. A set of meanings that that we use to explain our behaviors. A set of symbolic skills that we apply to practical situations. Question 18 2 pts
Research has shown that most Americans have two tools available to them in their cultural tool boxes regarding romantic love. What are they? love as a choice and love as a commitment love as a conversation and love as a challenge love as a conversation and love as a commitment love as a choice and love as a challenge Question 19 2 pts
What principal purpose does group style serve? It allows groups to screen outsiders from group activities. It distinguishes a group from other groups through a set of norms and practices. It establishes acceptable forms of dress for group members. It is a measure of the formality of a group, whether high or low. Question 20 2 pts
What is mainstream culture? a group whose ideas, attitudes, and behaviors are in direct conflict with the dominant cultural practices of the societies of which they are a part the ties or connections between people, groups, and organizations an organized association of people in a society that gives meaning to their lives the most widely shared systems of meaning and cultural tool kits in a society Question 21 2 pts
Which of the following groups is NOT a subculture? rock climbers hunters hippies children Question 22 2 pts
Which of the following groups is NOT an example of a counterculture? the U.S. army the Tea Party Occupy Wall Street hippies Question 23 2 pts
__________ legitimizes and empowers a society's elites. Monarchy Group style Habitus Hegemony Question 24 2 pts
There are no cultural universals. False True Question 25 2 pts
The terms cultural relativism and ethnocentrism have, essentially, the same meaning. True False Question 26 2 pts
Our earliest encounter with what is perceived to be normality is, essentially, that of __________. society our grandparents your religion parents and the like Question 27 2 pts
Which of the following is the least likely to be both a symbolic boundary and physical boundary? the doors of a synagogue a police uniform a railroad track a sorority house Question 28 2 pts
If one were to conduct archival research on the oldest known written set of laws in human history, one would be examining __________. the first statistics collected on deviance Hammurabi's code cave paintings the oral transmission of norms Question 29 2 pts
Simply put, to be a "deviant" entails __________. doing something as innocent as not tucking in your shirt violating religious commandments violating a rule that brings with it the disapproval of others a range of outsider activities, most often sexual in nature Question 30 2 pts
Which of the following is an example of statistical deviance? The Occupy Wall Street protesters marched without a permit. Four female students are arrested for appearing topless on the university commons. A man decides to sing loudly while he is shopping for groceries. Three men have built a meth lab in the basement. Question 31 2 pts
When is a "deviant" behavior deviant according to most sociologists? When it violates societal rules. When the behavior receives arbitrary punishment. When the behavior harms society vis-à-vis common law. Only when a written sanction (i.e., law) has been established for the deviant behavior. Question 32 2 pts
Moral regulation, indeed, the effort to legislate morality is being curbed by what phenomenon? There is a perception that such initiatives are anachronisms, that they make you look old-fashioned. There is a greater effort to teach people that enforcing morality is wrong. There is a general support for lifestyle freedom rather than organized resistance. Young people are naturally curious and rebellious and want to see what will happen. Question 33 2 pts
Edwin Sutherland (1949) coined the term __________ to describe a form of crime that was once not even considered a crime that put Americans at risk. white-collar justice white-collar crime corporate malfeasance embezzlement Question 34 2 pts
Which of the following is more likely to be punished by the criminal justice system? corporate crime state deviance white-collar crime "blue-collar crime" Question 35 2 pts
Which of the following is NOT commonly understood to be an institution of social control? criminal courts the workplace schools police departments Question 36 2 pts
When it comes to drug-related offenses, compared to whites, blacks are __________ more likely to serve a prison sentence. three times 75 percent four times 30 percent Question 37 2 pts
In the labeling theory of deviance, an act that is considered to be deviant may have been considered to be normal at an earlier point in time. False True Question 38 2 pts
If enough people used medical marijuana, it would normalize the "deviant" smoking of marijuana. True False Question 39 2 pts
What do sociologists mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum of schools? changing intellectual skills and content prevention of crime and the teaching of religion unstated standards of behavior or teachers' expectations socialization of students into the habits and practices of contributing members of society Question 40 2 pts
Besides learning skills and knowledge, schools serve three other major purposes. What are they? economic, citizenship, and gender role functions future preparation, socialization, and self-worth functions economic, future preparation, and socialization functions socialization, self-worth, and online learning functions Question 41 2 pts
Knowing how to dress, act, and present oneself at work, and being able to work well with other people are examples of __________. citizenship skills "higher-order skills" "soft skills" technical skills Question 42 2 pts
Research on contemporary college and university students in the United States shows they study less than __________as students in the 1950s. half as much a third as much a quarter as much a tenth as much Question 43 2 pts
The United States __________ the world in the amount of education its citizens receive. for the first time in history leads no longer leads leads matches Question 44 2 pts
What does human capital theory suggest about education? that schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students that schools with the best-performing teachers produce more students who earn doctorate degrees that people with more education are paid more because they are more productive that people with less education can close the pay gap by acquiring mentors Question 45 2 pts
What does allocation theory suggest about education? that people with more education are paid more because they are more productive that schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students that people with less education can close the pay gap by acquiring mentors that education moves people along different routes that influence how much they earn Question 46 2 pts
What do sociologists mean when they say that education serves a credentialing function? that schools with the best-performing teachers produce more students who earn multiple degrees that education doesn't change people but moves them along different routes that influence how much they earn that schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students that education limits entry into some occupations and thus raises the rewards for people in them Question 47 2 pts
For upper-class white males, social origin is __________ to occupation and income. moderately related slightly related strongly related largely negatively related Question 48 2 pts
__________ refers to the practice of marrying individuals whose educational levels are similar to one's own. Marriage homogamy Educational homogamy Pair symmetry Marriage determinism Question 49 2 pts
Today, the United States leads the world in the amount of education its citizens receive and in educational achievement. True False Question 50 2 pts
The pay gap between high school and college graduates has been narrowing since the late 1970s. False True