Although for the King and Monarch the Feudal System was considered ‘just’, to others it was considered unjust and not fair. Courts in Medieval Europe weren't advanced therefore they didn't have the technology we have nowadays to determine innocence. Medieval Courts didn't have evidence to back up a case. Everyone no matter what in Medieval Europe were ‘guilty until proven innocent’. This was not a sufficient way as there was no evidence to support you if you're proven guilty. Some evidence you could get in which support the accused is for twelve people to swear that the person could not have done what he was accused of. Another example of how they proved their innocence was Trial by Ordeal, Battle, Bread, Fire or Water. In these trials, they would go through a…
Within the U.S. each state has a court system with a lower court, an appellate court and a Supreme Court that functions similar to the Supreme Court of the U.S. Four levels exist within the State Court: The lower court also known as the court of limited Jurisdiction which represents the first level in which minor cases are seen. Citizens whom are accused of not paying parking fines, those accused of prostitution, DUI and those accused of disorderly conduct in public are also tried in this court.…
Discuss the presentation of the legal establishment in Act One Scene 2 and elsewhere in the play…
Schmalleger, F. (2009). Criminal Justice Today. An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, (10th ed.). : Pearson Education.…
This court deals with mainly criminal cases but rarely civil cases. All criminal cases start off in the Magistrates’ Court and are heard by either lay magistrates or district judges. District judges are legally trained but lay magistrates are not, they do however have to be assisted by a legally trained clerk. Magistrate Courts will only hear cases that have happened in their area and can only administer punishment of up to £5,000 or 6 months imprisonment. If the crime requires more than what the magistrate can administer than the case will be passed on to the Crown Court. Jury can also move up the case to the Crown Court if the defendant asks for trial.…
The trials and stories surrounding pirates in the 1810s can be compared to those of which that surround Gilles de Rais because of the structure of the trial and subsequent punishment, the mainstream ideals of the time, and the conflict of religion versus the state. The issues that come about in law trials did not change over time because these factors always complicate the trial process.…
The state court system and the federal court system have similar codes of conduct, but they do have their differences. The state court system hears way more cases than the federal courts, and get more personally involved due to the issues being right in their own backyard. The state of California has 58 superior courts (trial courts) which reside in each of the 58 counties. It is here where any, and all, issues pertaining to civil and criminal cases, as well as family, probate, and juvenile cases are heard. This is where the bulk of California’s judiciary justice is served. If a case is appealed it is taken up the ladder to one of California’s six Courts of Appeal. According to courtinfo.ca.gov (2011), “The State legislature divided the state geographically into six appellate districts, each containing a Court of Appeal.” (About California Courts, para. 2). The Supreme Court of California sits at the apex of authority in the state 's judicial system (courtinfo.ca.gov, 2011). Cases that have been questioned in the Court of Appeal must be reviewed by the Supreme Court, as well as any case in which a trial court has issued the death penalty.…
What was the social and historical context in which the juvenile court was created? What has been the fundamental difference between the procedures used in juvenile courts and those employed in criminal (adult) courts?…
The court plays a very critical role in American Criminal Justice. Without the development of courts, those who violate the law would face no penalty and would commit crimes and walk free. In this paper I will evaluate and examine the American Criminal court system. I will describe the court and the purpose that it serves as so I will also define the dual court system. I will also describe the role that early legal codes, the common law and the precedent played in the development of courts.…
Supreme Court justices have a serious job of determining if something is unconstitutional or not. As with any big decision, there is a precise manor in which the justices decide weather an act is unconstitutional. There are three models that’s the courts follow. The first is the legal model. The legal model states that the court can base their rulings off of the previous rulings of the lower courts. The positive of this model is that the Supreme Court justices have a good background on what went on in the previous court and they can use that in order to interpret the constitution. The negative of this model is that the justices don’t have a clean interpretation of what happened. They are basing all of their knowledge on the last judges ruling,…
People in the United States attend court every day for different many reasons. Those reasons could be for traffic violations, civil law suits, or for unlawful criminal acts. No matter what they are all handled and disputed in a court of law. Courts are empowered to make fair and binding decisions upon the facts that are received. There are two types of courts; civil court and criminal court. It is very important that people understand and know the differences between civil and criminal courts. Civil courts handle resolutions between private parties and usually consist of one party suing the other for some type of monetary damages. Criminal courts on the other hand, try alleged offenders for suspected crimes committed, whereas the end result is either freedom for the offender or a prison cell.…
The modern dual system of courts incorporates both federal and state or local courts. This system is the product of many years of gradual development. Outside this formally established structure, however, personal relationships between key court participants can guide court proceedings and procedures. This paper will examine the history of the criminal courts, the dual system of the United States and modify the difference between the historical development and the dual court system of the United States.…
viewpoints of the power of the court, The Dynamic and the Constrained Court. In the Dynamic Court, the court is viewed as the main arbiter of social change, were social reform can occur without the delay of other political institutions. For proponents of the Dynamic Court view, the landmark Supreme Court cases such as, Brown v. Board of Education and Roe v. Wade are viewed as some as some of the strongest pieces of evidence that the court is an exceptional tool for activists. But the inherent problem with Dynamic Court viewpoint is that a ruling does not necessarily lead to change. Though Brown v. Board ruled against school segregation, segregation persisted until the involvement of the federal government in the 1960s. Though Roe v. Wade ruled…
Sutherland, M. (2005). Judicial Tyranny: The New Kings of America. St. Louis, MO: The National Policy Center. ISBN: 9780975345566…
The role of Jurors and Magistrates are similar in many ways. A few examples of the similarities would be that both must be 18-70 years old. In addition to this, those who are in the police force or have previous criminal convictions are ruled out. Both magistrates and jurors are members of the public and do not get paid for going to court. However, both can claim expenses for any earnings lost during the time they spent in court. Both parties make their decisions and verdicts on the facts presented to them. Not only this but both can decided whether a defendant is guilty or not guilty.…
