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Etude Marché de La Bière

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Etude Marché de La Bière
I. Diagnostic stratégique 1. Panorama du secteur de l’industrie de la bière

La bière est une boisson universelle et très ancienne, probablement la plus ancienne fabriquée par l’homme. Il n’y a pas de précision quand à la date où elle fut brassée pour la première fois mais on raconte que sa découverte serait due à un concours de circonstances : une récolte d’orge destinée au pain, dévastée par la pluie, aurait germé. Exposée au soleil puis contaminée par des levures présentes naturellement dans l’air. La bière est née. Les premières traces concrètes de la bière dateraient de 4000 ans avant Jésus-Christ. La recette s’est répandue à travers le monde, en Egypte, en Chine, en Allemagne… Et, au Xème siècle, la concentration urbaine va favoriser le développement des brasseries et rentabiliser la profession de maître-brasseur. Les brasseurs vont alors s'organiser en corporation contribuant ainsi au respect de la profession. Puis, pour assurer la qualité du produit, la Bavière édicte en 1516 la Loi de la pureté de la bière, qui s'applique encore de nos jours. A cette époque, ce sont les femmes qui vont exercer le métier de brasseur jusqu’à la fin du Moyen-âge ! De nouvelles boissons apparaissent (le cognac, le chocolat, le café …) mais la bière tient tête à la concurrence. Au XIXème siècle, la contribution de Louis Pasteur fait de la bière une boisson plus saine et plus claire. Aujourd’hui elle est devenue la boisson alcoolisée la plus vendue au monde. Elle peut être brune, blonde, blanche, ambrée, noire ou rousse, on la trouve sur le marché sous diverses versions plus ou moins alcoolisées, et sa consommation varie selon les pays.
Il y a de nombreuses marques mais celles-ci sont les principales : * Heineken (Pelforth, Affligem, Panach’, Amstel, Buckler, George Killian’s) * Carlsberg avec Kronenbourg (Guinness, Kanterbräu, Gold, Willford, Force 4, Tourtel, Grimbergen, San Miguel et Apple Frost) * AB Inbev (Budweiser, Beck’s, Stella Artois,

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