egg inoculation

Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 43 (5), pp. 849-854, 2011.

Comparative Efficacy of Various Antiviral Agents against Avian
Influenza Virus (Type H7N3/Pakistan/2003)
Tahir Mahmood Shaukat,1 Muhammad Ashraf, 1 Muhammad Ovais Omer, 1 Muhammad Adil
Rasheed, 1 Khushi Muhammad, 2 Tariq Mahmood Shaukat, 1 Muhammad Younus3 and Muhammad
Khurram Shahzad4*
1
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore,
Pakistan
2
Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
4
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul MN 55108 USA
Abstract.- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7 type) is of greater importance due to its economic impact and public health significance. Drugs available to vanish this pathogens are very limited and having high prices. Therefore a study was planed to check the comparative efficacy of the Herbs’ extract as compared to the standard available drug in the market. There were used three different concentrations (2%, 4% and 8%) of each of amantadine HCl, extracts of fresh leaves of opuntia herb, papaya and dried powdered leaves of green tea in distilled water and were evaluated for their antiviral activity, by injecting through chorioallantoic sac route into 10 days old live embryonated broiler chicken eggs. Group A is negative control with no haemagglutination activity and group B as positive control with positive
Haemagglutination activity. For each drug to be tested, 40 eggs were assigned to 8 groups (i.e. A, B, C1, C2, C3, D1,
D2, D3) with 5 eggs in each group. Embryonated eggs in each of C1, C2 and C3 subgroups were treated only with 3 different concentrations of each compound to evaluate toxicity respectively. Whereas embryonated eggs of SUBGROUPS D1, D2 and

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