Discrimination as an individual

The 2 different possible effects might be referring to the fact that discrimination can be unfair by using factors which should not be a valid part of the decision making process, versus the fair versions of discrimination where you differentiate amongst people according to what would be considered as fair or valid reasons by society.

For example, if your HR dept is recruiting for a social care officer, they would not be willing to discriminate on the basis of race, gender, age, religion, sexuality, height, or eye colour as this would be unfair. In order to choose a successful candidate though, they are going to have differentiate between the applicants so they are going to have to discriminate (or find a difference) between the people on appropriate grounds such as qualifications, experience, and perceived ability to do the job.

You can therefore find your 2 different effects of discrimination in the 2 different categories above, and then apply that to the 4 groups you mentioned. Don't forget discriminating is only finding a difference, but the unfairness then comes in when you start to use the wrong or unfair factors to try and do this. Interestingly your question even asks you to discriminate between the "different possible effects" but nobody is saying that your question is unfair either.

Possible effects of unfair discrimination include unfair treatment because of age or gender and punishment for the people who do this, and effects of other discrimination include service satisfactorily provided, the development of a diverse and understanding society, and the development of satisfying careers for those in health and social care when these goals are achieved.

Hope this helps