Cross Sectional Studies Essay

Salma Siddiqui,(17) conducted a cross sectional study in Al kharj, 2001 ,which included a sample of 634 patients attending the military PHCC, it showed that the prevalence of smoking was 34.9%. A cross sectional study conducted by Kelishadi et al,(18) in 2007 which included 217 non-smoking and 210 smoking youths in Isfahan, Iran. The study revealed that the starting age of smoking was 14.5SD ±2.4 years. The study also highlighted that the factors favoring the occurrence of smoking instances in boys are father's occupation, smoking habit of mother and having strong a bonding with a smoking friend. However, in the case of girls, inattention from family, smoking mother, frequent social occasions at home, and smoking friend circle are said to be the factors responsible behind the habit of
et,(20) 2011 on a sample of 1272 secondary school students in Riyadh the prevalence of smoking was 42.8% ,out of which 55.6% were boys and 31.4 % were girls. In their study, the authors Loureiro et al in 2010,(21) used instrumental variable methods to study the effect of gender on smoking habits. The study was conducted in San Diego, California and the sample size was 657. The study revealed that same sex parent's the smoking habit is imitated by the children, i.e., the smoking habit of the mothers is imitated by the daughters while the smoking habit of the fathers is imitated by the sons. A research, involving 62 men and 63 women of Kerela, 2007, India, conducted by Thankappan et al,(22) on the use of tobacco products revealed that the smoking and tobacco chewing is more prominent in the people belonging to the low socioeconomic group as compared to people belonging to a high socioeconomic group. In addition the author found that mortality and morbidity issues are more common in poor people. This is leading to increased cases of heart diseases, cancer rate of oral cavity and lung cancer in the state of Kerela,