Chromosome 11 Research Paper
Chromosome 11 is in group C, it is of medium size, its relative length is 4.82 Chromosome 11 is submetacentric, meaning that the centromere is closer to one end, causing one longer arm and one shorter arm. The centromeric index for chromosome 11 is 40.46. Calculations can be seen below.
Centromeric index = (p / p + q) x 100
(1.95 / 4.82) x 100 = 40.46
The protein that HBB gene encodes is beta-globin. Beta-globin is a component of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells, and it normally consists of four protein subunits. Beta-globin can be found in two of these subunits. The two beta-globin subunits attach to heme, a molecule containing iron. This iron molecule in the center of heme can bind to one oxygen molecule. This allows hemoglobin …show more content…
Sickle cell disease is caused when there is a mutation on the HBB gene. This mutation produces hemoglobin S (HbS), which is an abnormal version of beta-globin. People with sickle cell disease have at least one beta-globin replaced with hemoglobin S. This causes red blood cells to become misshapen or sickle, meaning that the red blood cells are breaking down. Symptoms associated with sickle cell disease are anemia, which is when a person has a low number of blood cells, infections, and episodes of pain. Anemia can also cause delayed growth and development in children. Yellowing of skin and eyes may also be seen do to the rapid breakdown of red blood cells. The severity of symptoms can vary person to person. Treatment for sickle cell disease will not cure the patient but medications, blood transfusions, and, very rarely, bone marrow transplant can help with the symptoms.
Sickle cell disease can be found in millions of people around the world. However, it tends to affect people with ancestors from Africa, India, Mediterranean countries, Central America, some parts of South America, and the Caribbean. In the US “sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder… affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans” (Sickle
Centromeric index = (p / p + q) x 100
(1.95 / 4.82) x 100 = 40.46
The protein that HBB gene encodes is beta-globin. Beta-globin is a component of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells, and it normally consists of four protein subunits. Beta-globin can be found in two of these subunits. The two beta-globin subunits attach to heme, a molecule containing iron. This iron molecule in the center of heme can bind to one oxygen molecule. This allows hemoglobin …show more content…
Sickle cell disease is caused when there is a mutation on the HBB gene. This mutation produces hemoglobin S (HbS), which is an abnormal version of beta-globin. People with sickle cell disease have at least one beta-globin replaced with hemoglobin S. This causes red blood cells to become misshapen or sickle, meaning that the red blood cells are breaking down. Symptoms associated with sickle cell disease are anemia, which is when a person has a low number of blood cells, infections, and episodes of pain. Anemia can also cause delayed growth and development in children. Yellowing of skin and eyes may also be seen do to the rapid breakdown of red blood cells. The severity of symptoms can vary person to person. Treatment for sickle cell disease will not cure the patient but medications, blood transfusions, and, very rarely, bone marrow transplant can help with the symptoms.
Sickle cell disease can be found in millions of people around the world. However, it tends to affect people with ancestors from Africa, India, Mediterranean countries, Central America, some parts of South America, and the Caribbean. In the US “sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder… affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans” (Sickle