Chapter 13 Energy Metabolism

Quiz
Chapter 13: How Cells Obtain Energy From Food
.
The energy released by oxidizing glucose is saved in high energy bonds of: ATP and other activated carrier molecues
2.
Sugars derived from food are broken down by: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
3.
Catabolism: a breakdown process in which enzymes degrade complex molecules into simpler ones
4.
The digestion of polymeric food molecules into monomeric subunits occurs in: extracellular space (i.g. lumen of the intestines) and in lysosomes
5.
The oxidative breakdown of food molecules occur in the MITOCHONDRIA in eukaryotic cells
6.
The electron transport chain generates the largest amount of ATP
7.
The end products of glycolysis are: pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
8.
NAD+, ATP, and ADP are required for glycolysis to occur, O2 is NOT
9.
The synthesis of ATP in glycolysis occurs by substrate level phosphorylation
10.
2 ATP are invested during the first part of glycolysis for each molecule of glucose broken down
11.
From one glucose molecule, 2 ATP and 2 NADH is produced during glycolysis
12.
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway responsible for the principle source of ATP in anaerobic microorganisms
13.
Under anaerobic conditions Fermentation is the metabolic pathway that regenerates the supplu of NAD+ for glycolysis
14.
For a bond to be “high energy” such as between phosphate groups in ATP, The hydrolysis of such a bond is particularly energetically favorable
15.
Sugars, fats and amino acids can be converted to Acetyl CoA in the mitochondria
16.
When fatty acids are oxidized to Acetyl CoA, each cycle of the reaction removes 2 carbon atoms from fatty acid molecules
17.
Although the citric acid cycle itself does not require O2, it requires a functioning electron transport chain (which uses O2) in order to regenerate NAD+ for further use in the citric acid cycle
18.
The citric acid cycle converts the carbon atoms in Acetyl CoA to CO2
19.
Intermediates formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are used by the cell to synthesize Amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids
20.
The NADH generated during the glycolysis feeds its high energy electrons to the electron transport chain
21.
In eukaryotic cells, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is O2
22.
In the electron transport chain, the oxygen atom in O2 become part of H2O molecules
23.
The complete oxidation of glucose to H2O and CO2 produces are how many ATP per molecule of glucose: 30
24.
Gluconeogenesis refers to the synthesis of glucose from molecules such as glycogen
25.
In humans and other mammals, gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in liver cells
26.
After a normal overnight fast, most of the acetyl CoA entering the citric acid cycle is derived from fatty acid molecules
27.
In plants, fats and starch are stored in the chloroplasts
28.
When nutrients are plentiful plants can store glucose as starch
29.
When food is plentiful, animals can store glucose as glycogen
30.