Binocular Disparity

Binocular disparity is a depth cue based on differences in relative positions of the retinal images of objects in the two eyes. There are several ways to describe the positions of objects in regards to binocular disparity. Corresponding points are those in which if the left and right retinas were superimposed would produce coinciding points. Noncorresponding points are just the contrary; points on the retinas would not coincide if superimposed. When an observers focuses on an object, a horopter is established. A horopter is a term used to describe an imaginary surface from which objects would produce retinal images at corresponding points. Objects that do not fall on the horopter are noncorresponding points. There are three types of binocular disparity. Crossed disparity is exhibited when an object is closer than the horopter and uncrossed disparity is exhibited when the object is farther than the horopter. Whereas zero disparity is exhibited when the retinal image of an object falls on corresponding points for both eyes. Stereopsis is
This refers to the difference in the sound level reaching the two ears. The ILD is best for perceiving the azimuth of sounds at high frequency but not low frequency sounds. Interaural time difference (ITD) is the second binaural cue. It refers to the difference between the times that a sound reaches the two ears. When the distance of the sound to each ear is the same then there is no difference in time however when the sound is to a side of the individual then there will be a difference in time. In regards to neural processing, the medial superior olive (MSO) brain structure that is in the brain stem contains neurons that detect specific ITDs and consequently showing the azimuth of sound sources. This similar feature also exists in barn owls in which a different structure in the brain stem contains neurons that detect for specific