Outline and evaluate one research study into perceptual development in infants
Outline and evaluate one research study into perceptual development in infants (4 + 8 marks)
Infants have been shown to have developed depth perception from as young as one week. Bower et al found that infants were able to use retinal disparity. By presenting infants with different information in each eye, making them see something that was 3D, even the youngest of infants at one week old tried o grasp the object, providing evidence that infants have binocular cues and can use retinal disparity as a type of depth cue from a young age. Hofsten et al demonstrated that infants can use the motion parallax using the habituation method. The researchers showed infants a certain display until they had gotten used to it. If the same display was shown again, the infant showed less interest in it. In this study, the infants were shown three rods and were moved about in a chair. One of the rods moved with the infant, creating a motion parallax. The infants were shown three displays that all had a motion parallax involved and preferred the three middle rods because to them it was a new display and was more interesting, thus demonstrating that they had the ability to use motion parallax.
Yonas et al used a study to demonstrate age related changes in infants. He tested this by showing infants two toys, one of which seemed to be closer to them because of added shadows. The infants have one eye covered to remove binocular information for depth. Older infants around 30 weeks were more likely to try and grasp the object that looked closer to them suggesting that the ability to use shadows as a cue to depth develops with age. Bower et al used an operant conditioning technique where infants were rewarded when they viewed one object, making them more inclined to choose that object in the future. Infants are about two months were conditioned to prefer a rectangle that was slanted at a 45 degree angle, meaning it looked like a trapezoid. The infants were then shown a variety of other
Infants have been shown to have developed depth perception from as young as one week. Bower et al found that infants were able to use retinal disparity. By presenting infants with different information in each eye, making them see something that was 3D, even the youngest of infants at one week old tried o grasp the object, providing evidence that infants have binocular cues and can use retinal disparity as a type of depth cue from a young age. Hofsten et al demonstrated that infants can use the motion parallax using the habituation method. The researchers showed infants a certain display until they had gotten used to it. If the same display was shown again, the infant showed less interest in it. In this study, the infants were shown three rods and were moved about in a chair. One of the rods moved with the infant, creating a motion parallax. The infants were shown three displays that all had a motion parallax involved and preferred the three middle rods because to them it was a new display and was more interesting, thus demonstrating that they had the ability to use motion parallax.
Yonas et al used a study to demonstrate age related changes in infants. He tested this by showing infants two toys, one of which seemed to be closer to them because of added shadows. The infants have one eye covered to remove binocular information for depth. Older infants around 30 weeks were more likely to try and grasp the object that looked closer to them suggesting that the ability to use shadows as a cue to depth develops with age. Bower et al used an operant conditioning technique where infants were rewarded when they viewed one object, making them more inclined to choose that object in the future. Infants are about two months were conditioned to prefer a rectangle that was slanted at a 45 degree angle, meaning it looked like a trapezoid. The infants were then shown a variety of other