Preview

bad boys

Satisfactory Essays
Open Document
Open Document
311 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
bad boys
Tremaine Murphy
May 6, 2013

The Army Corps of Engineers, the federal agency charged with maintaining the nation’s coastline, said some of the 100 miles of barrier dunes in the region were built by the corps, others by local governments themselves. Many of the projects were built to withstand storms less powerful than Hurricane Sandy, the corps said, and even in places where the surge cut through the sand, the dunes helped to soften the blow. Cliff Jones, a program manager with the corps’s North Atlantic division in Brooklyn, was the project manager for the 2006 barrier-island dune project that Long Beach rejected. He said the dune would have limited the damage to the town.
The Army Corps of Engineers proposed to erect dunes and elevate beaches along more than six miles of coast to protect this barrier island, the Long Beach City Council voted 5 to 0 against paying its $7 million initial share and taking part. The smaller neighboring communities on the barrier island — Point Lookout, Lido Beach and Atlantic Beach — approved construction of 15-foot-high dunes as storm insurance. Those dunes did their job, sparing them catastrophic damage while Long Beach suffered at least $200 million in property and infrastructure losses, according to preliminary estimates.
When Hurricane Sandy came, the force of the waves flattened the dunes but left the town’s Boardwalk and the houses just 75 feet from it intact. Plans to restore the Bradley Beach dunes are already under way. The town’s dune-barrier project cost about $10,000 in 1996, Mr. Bianchi said. The town suffered $2 million to $3 million in damage, officials said, while many of its unprotected coastal neighbors were devastated.
7million for 6mile dune coast protection, therefore (7/6) million is the cost for one mile. For the project since the boardwalk has been reduce from 2 miles to a section of .3 miles the cost for .3 mile dune coast protection for the boardwalk would be about 350,000.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    New Jersey is often used as an example of a natural system gone awry. The unflattering term "New Jerseyization" was coined by a prominent scientist to describe a developed, eroding coast, where natural beaches have been replaced by engineering structures. This view may have been correct in the past, when seawalls and bulkheads replaced many of our beaches, but our beaches are being brought back by artificial nourishment projects. Hard protection structures are only one phase in the cycle of changes on a developed coast. Human efforts can help regenerate landforms and biota, providing we take a proactive approach to shore protection that accommodates a wide range of resource values. The preferred method of shore protection in New Jersey has changed from groins, to bulkheads and seawalls, to beach nourishment. Hard protection structures are less likely to be built in the future, but many structures still exist, and some new structures may have local usefulness. Accordingly, it is important to know how these structures function. It is also important to know that all protection strategies have usefulness, but they are not readily interchangeable at a given location. Beach nourishment can help restore lost natural values, but many municipalities have elected to grade and rake their nourished beaches, preventing them from evolving into topographically and biologically diverse natural environments. The large amount of sand scheduled to be pumped onto New Jersey beaches in the future represents an invaluable resource, but the full potential of nourishment will not be realized without addressing habitat improvement and nature-based tourism in addition to the goals of protection from erosion and flooding and provision of recreation space. A dune is another valuable natural resource that is often overlooked. Dunes provide protection from flooding and…

    • 22874 Words
    • 92 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The photo above was taken in Pensacola Beach, Florida in May 2017 at just about sunset at 7:23 PM. As you can see from the picture, there is very little beach left in Pensacola. One reason is linked to rising sea levels from global warming of the Earth’s climate system. New ocean water from melting reservoirs of ice could potentially raise the sea level as much as 3 feet by the year 2100 (Florida Oceans and Coastal Council). Increased water temperatures are also linked to increased hurricane activity, which has the potential to cause severe damage to the coastline. As you can see from picture 2, the beach area is much smaller after hurricane Ivan came through. Buildings damaged from hurricanes had to be relocated and replaced and others will…

    • 362 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Barrier islands are long and narrow; built up by the action of waves and currents that protect the coast from erosion by surf and tidal surges. The islands are more common around the pacific coast of the United States. Large storms, such as hurricanes, can dramatically alter these islands. The waves generated by these storms erode the beaches even more strongly and carry the sand much further out where it will not return. One of the most prominent examples is the Louisiana barrier islands. They are eroding so quickly that according to some estimates they will disappear by the end of this century. The Missouri Alabama barrier islands are so dynamic and the magnitudes of their movement so great that changes in their positions and land areas…

    • 135 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Levee and New Orleans

    • 3564 Words
    • 15 Pages

    Although a considerable amount of the blame has been placed at the feet of FEMA, it should be understood that multiple factors contributed to the situation in New Orleans. Some sections of the levees had been poorly constructed, and were not properly maintained. Local agencies failed to adequately plan and prepare of such an event. Local officials waited too long to order an evacuation, and did not consider how to assist those citizens who lacked the financial resources evacuate on their own. (1,24)…

    • 3564 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    In the end, Hurricane Katrina caused over $96 billion in property damage, destroyed an estimated 300,000 homes, produced 118 million cubic yards of debris, displaced over 770,000 people, and killed an estimated 1,330 people. In comparison, Hurricane Andrew (one of the costliest U.S. natural disasters before Hurricane Katrina) created $33 billion in property dam- age, destroyed approximately 250,000 homes, and killed 60 people. About 80 percent of the fatalities caused by Hurricane Katrina occurred in the New Orleans metropolitan area; 231 fatalities occurred in Mississippi.1…

    • 9365 Words
    • 32 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    In operation since May 30, 1930, the iconic Long Beach attraction was torn down to make room for the Magnolia Street Bridge. It took four months to reduce it to a pile of rubble. Planners speculated the Cyclone…

    • 196 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Beach nourishment should be halted because the net benefit does not outweigh the loss of time, money, and delicate ecosystems. Replenishment projects only delay the inevitable erosion and are a waste of resources. Only the local economy benefits while the federal government pays an enormous price. When an area is being washed out to sea, the government should provide assistance to the people affected so they can move somewhere else, not to stay or rebuild in the same place to await the same outcome. There are only so many resources to go around and with sea levels continuing to rise, cities with millions of people are where the cash flow is going to go. This leaves communities vulnerable to erosion, so people should just pack up and leave sooner…

    • 219 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ebro Delta Questionaire

    • 820 Words
    • 4 Pages

    • Removal of infrastructure located on the shore that prevents the normal development of the coastal dynamic…

    • 820 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Shoreline Erosion Essay

    • 666 Words
    • 3 Pages

    A barrier island is a wide beach backed by dunes and separated from the mainland by marshy lagoons. A barrier island receives full force of major storms and absorbs the energy through the movement of sand. This changes drastically, when development puts up manmade barriers to protect homes and property, which changes the dynamic and distribution of the sand causing major erosion in different areas along the shoreline. Along the pacific coast, shoreline erosion is contributed to a narrowing of many beaches, due to the alteration of natural systems by people. The bulk of the sand on many of these beaches is supplied by rivers that transport it from the mountain regions. This process has been interrupted with dams built for irrigation and flood control. With little sand to replenish and widen the narrow beaches, the waves have no barrier and come in full force, slowly eroding the sand around the cliffs, and on the shoreline. This endangers homes and roads. Lastly homes and roads add further to the erosion. Rooftops and road runoffs, following large storms, spiral down the side of the cliffs in an unnatural direction, accelerating the erosion process along the shoreline…

    • 666 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Coastal Management

    • 528 Words
    • 3 Pages

    As the coastal management expert of Southerland Shire I have come up with the most appropriate way to manage this problem. Storm surges are effects of severe storm systems due to a rise in sea level, if a storm surge and a tide meet when reaching the coast line severe damage can occur; resulting in extreme flooding in coastal areas, leading to damaging buildings surrounding the coastline. To prevent this problem and minimize storm surges having such a large impact and causing severe damage to the coastline, rock revetments can be placed on South Cronulla beach (parallel to the beach and the coastline and in front of the dune system). Behind the rock revetments sand bags can also be placed, as sand bags absorb the water and they will act like a line of final defense when extreme waves are in action. Rock revetments are designed to reduce the impact on erosive power coming from the waves by absorbing the physically powerful forces approaching from storm surges and increases run-up and wave reflection. Rock revetments also encourage upper beach stability. The gaps between the rocks trap the water coming from waves allowing the flow of water to be slowed down, and minimising the effect of the soil or any structures on the beach to erode. The reason why I have recommended rock revetments as the best possible solution is because they do not have a large impact to the natural environment and do not damage the structures behind the beach or any structures surrounding the coastline. Rock revetments are required to have long-term security and are also not of a high maintenance; hence this coastal management structure will not be too costly for the council and the ratepayers of Southerland Shire. The rock revetments will be placed on a flat angle on the sand and parallel to the beach and the shoreline. Materials which will be used in the process of constructing rock revetments are rock types- commonly granite or limestone, concrete and vinyl sheet piling for shoreline…

    • 528 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Technology in Context

    • 1295 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The first reading, by Weibe E. BIjker, compared two historical papers from the 1996 International Conference on Coastal Engineering, specifically the US and Dutch styles , as they differ in the role of civil society, geography, politics, management style and focus. Of the 15 countries involved in the conference, only the US and Dutch papers gave a central role to natural disasters in shaping coastal engineering practice. American civil engineers “recognize the boost that disasters can give to public awareness and coastal engineering research, however little effort is made to follow up on government funded projects due to the costs of monitoring. For this reason, much the focus of US coastal engineering is on documenting the events and effects of natural disasters after they occur, resulting in a lack of effective coastal engineering practice and strategy. In the Netherlands ‘De Ramp’ was influential in both public consciousness and the coastal engineering profession. It served to boost research and practice, and more importantly, spurred forceful strategies to “keep the water out”. This brings us to the key differences in US and Dutch coastal engineering styles: ‘flood hazard mitigation’ versus ‘keeping the water out’. The US model assumes the disaster will occur and its institutions focus on prediction and warning (Weather Service), protection (USACE) and insurance (FEMA). The environmental…

    • 1295 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    How a City Slowly Drowned

    • 1713 Words
    • 5 Pages

    One of the key actors in this case who made the most important decisions was the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The agency had a budget formulated by the earmarks. The Corps in Louisiana were getting more money for the protection from hurricanes than any other state, yet, the actions were not taken care of until the very last moment. In the late 19th century the Corps, were holding to “levees-only” policy. So it is not surprising, that the U.S. Army Corps have implemented the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet project in 1965, which increased the storm wave when Katrina hit New Orleans (Grunwald and Glasser). This is an evidence of poorly thought-out decision made by this agency. The Corps haven’t been interested in hurricanes until Betsy hit the city. No wonder that evaluation of the threats was again commissioned to the Corps instead of another research institute or agency. It becomes obvious that the Corps had failed their mission, but still had the authority for the implementation.…

    • 1713 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    A coastal management scheme costing £2 million was introduced involving two types of hard engineering - placing rock armour along the base of the cliff and building two rock groynes.…

    • 1105 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Many areas alongside the coastline of the USA are very prone to large scale and highly destructive natural disasters, such is the case of Dauphin Islands, Ala., whereon severe storms and massive hurricanes can decimate whole towns. Often such regions are inhabited by well-off communities who simply choose to live in a beach resort knowing so well about the risk and its magnitude. Such communities then rely on the fact that the federal government put in place a robust set of government subsidies and entitlement programs that cover the vast majority of the cost of rebuilding and reconstruction whenever a natural disaster strikes. It is not rational, reasonable, and by no measure in the public interest to continuously maintain government entitlement programs and subsidies for the populace who deliberately choose to live in a beach resort in high risk areas, such is the case of the Gulf Coast island of Dauphin.…

    • 1081 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Geography Notes

    • 698 Words
    • 3 Pages

    -wind current goes under layer of sand and picks it up like a tidal wave.…

    • 698 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays