Ap Euro Chapter 28 Outline

Chapter 28 – The Age of Anxiety 1) Uncertainty in modern thought a) The effects of World War I on modern thought i) Western society began to question values and beliefs that had guided it since the Enlightenment. ii) Many people rejected the longaccepted beliefs in progress and the power of the rational mind to understand a logical universe and an orderly society. (1) Valéry wrote about the crisis of the cruelly injured mind; to him the war ("storm") had left a "terrible uncertainty." (2) New ideas and discoveries in philosophy, physics, psychology, and literature encouraged this general intellectual crisis. b) Modern philosophy iii) The traditional belief in progress
xlvi) But after 1923, democracy took root in Germany as the economy boomed. xlvii) However, there were sharp political divisions in the country. (33) The right consisted of nationalists and monarchists. (34) The communists remained active on the left. (35) Most workingclass people supported the socialist Social Democrats. xlviii) In France, the democratically elected government rested in the hands of the middleclassoriented moderates, while communists and socialists battled for the support of the workers. xlix) Northern France was rebuilt, and Paris became the world's cultural center. l) Britain's major problem was unemployment, and the government's efforts to ease it led the country gradually toward statesponsored welfare plans. (36) Britain's Labour party, committed to revisionist socialism, replaced the Liberals as the main opposition party to the Conservatives. (37) Labour, under MacDonald, won in 1924 and 1929, yet moved toward socialism