Week One Study Guide Anatomy and Physiology
WEEK 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. Anatomy: The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other organisms, esp. as revealed by dissection. Physiology: The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Anatomy and physiology are connected in the way of not being able to understand one without the other. For example, to understand your lungs functions of breathing through physiology, you have to understand the parts and structure of them (anatomy) such as the bronchial tree and alveoli.
2. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level. 1. Chemical – Here, atoms combine to form molecular structures of organelles (carbon) 2. Organelle – Small structures of different purposes that come together to form cells (mitochondria) 3. Cells – the smallest units of all living things (prokaryotic) 4. Tissues – groups of similar cells with common functions (brain tissue) 5. Organ – A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types (liver) 6. Organ System – a group of organs that work together to accomplish a same goal (respiratory system) 7. Organism – the highest level of living things (human)
3. List the 11 organ systems of the human organism, name the major organs within each, and give a general function for each system. 1. Circulatory system, (heart, lungs, blood vessels), to transport nutrients and gasses to cells and tissues 2. Cardiovascular system, (heart, blood vessels, blood), to transport blood throughout the body 3. Lymphatic System, (lymph nodes and vessels, thymus, spleen), to support immunity 4. Digestive system, (mouth,
1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. Anatomy: The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other organisms, esp. as revealed by dissection. Physiology: The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Anatomy and physiology are connected in the way of not being able to understand one without the other. For example, to understand your lungs functions of breathing through physiology, you have to understand the parts and structure of them (anatomy) such as the bronchial tree and alveoli.
2. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level. 1. Chemical – Here, atoms combine to form molecular structures of organelles (carbon) 2. Organelle – Small structures of different purposes that come together to form cells (mitochondria) 3. Cells – the smallest units of all living things (prokaryotic) 4. Tissues – groups of similar cells with common functions (brain tissue) 5. Organ – A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types (liver) 6. Organ System – a group of organs that work together to accomplish a same goal (respiratory system) 7. Organism – the highest level of living things (human)
3. List the 11 organ systems of the human organism, name the major organs within each, and give a general function for each system. 1. Circulatory system, (heart, lungs, blood vessels), to transport nutrients and gasses to cells and tissues 2. Cardiovascular system, (heart, blood vessels, blood), to transport blood throughout the body 3. Lymphatic System, (lymph nodes and vessels, thymus, spleen), to support immunity 4. Digestive system, (mouth,