Psychology
Chapter
One
A.
Understanding
Psychology
Directions:
Answer
each
of
the
following
questions
in
a
brief
paragraph.
1. “Psychology
has
a
short
past,
but
a
long
history.”
What
does
that
mean?
2. How
did
Wundt
help
to
define
psychology
as
a
science
of
the
mind?
3. Why
did
James
think
that
sensation
and
perception
alone
couldn’t
explain
behaviour?
4. How
did
Freud’s
ideas
differ
from
previous
approaches
to
psychology?
5. How
did
Watson’s
approach
to
psychology
differ
from
that
of
Freud?
6. How
did
Skinner
expand
behaviourism?
7. How
did
Gestalt
psychologists
influence
the
way
we
think
about
perception?
8. What
aspects
of
life
do
humanistic
psychologists
stress?
Source: Morris, Charles G. and Maisto Albert A. (2010) Understanding Psychology, 9th ed. Pearson Education Inc.: N. J. U.S.A.
B. Applying Critical Thinking Guidelines The following are some guidelines for critical thinking. 1. Ask questions, be willing to wonder. 2. Define the problem. 3. Examine the evidence. 4. Analyze assumptions and biases 5. Avoid emotional reasoning. 6. Don’t oversimplify (either/or thinking or overgeneralizations). 7. Consider other interpretations. 8. Tolerate uncertainty.
Directions: Each of the statements below violates at least one of the guidelines for critical thinking. Identify the guideline that was violated and give a brief explanation for your choice. 1. A political editorial supporting severe penalties for the production and sale of pornography pointed out that all societies are repressive to some extent, and that it was Freud who pointed out that repression is the price we pay for civilization. 2. Because we have never been visited by extraterrestrials, and have had no communication from outer space, we can safely assume that intelligent life exists only on our own planet. 3. Donna bought a bottle of pain reliever because a TV commercial claimed that most hospitals prescribe it. 4. You are
Source: Morris, Charles G. and Maisto Albert A. (2010) Understanding Psychology, 9th ed. Pearson Education Inc.: N. J. U.S.A.
B. Applying Critical Thinking Guidelines The following are some guidelines for critical thinking. 1. Ask questions, be willing to wonder. 2. Define the problem. 3. Examine the evidence. 4. Analyze assumptions and biases 5. Avoid emotional reasoning. 6. Don’t oversimplify (either/or thinking or overgeneralizations). 7. Consider other interpretations. 8. Tolerate uncertainty.
Directions: Each of the statements below violates at least one of the guidelines for critical thinking. Identify the guideline that was violated and give a brief explanation for your choice. 1. A political editorial supporting severe penalties for the production and sale of pornography pointed out that all societies are repressive to some extent, and that it was Freud who pointed out that repression is the price we pay for civilization. 2. Because we have never been visited by extraterrestrials, and have had no communication from outer space, we can safely assume that intelligent life exists only on our own planet. 3. Donna bought a bottle of pain reliever because a TV commercial claimed that most hospitals prescribe it. 4. You are