Chapter 54 Ecosystems
AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw
Chapter 54: Community Ecology
Name_____________________________Period_________
Chapter 54: Community Ecology
Concept 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. 1. What is a community? List six organisms that would be found in your schoolyard community.
2.
This section will look at interspecific interactions. Be clear on the meaning of the prefix! To begin, distinguish between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Give an example of each. Explanation Example
Type of Competition Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition
3.
What is G. F. Gause’s competitive exclusion principle? Give one example.
4.
Define ecological niche.
5.
Several species of Anolis lizards live in the same types of trees and have a similar diet. Discuss resource partitioning to explain how interspecific competition is reduced. (Study Figure 54.2.)
6.
What is the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
-1-
AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw 7.
Chapter 54: Community Ecology
Study Figure 54.5, and then explain what is meant by character displacement. (To do this, you will have to learn or review the difference between sympatric populations and allopatric populations. You will find this information in Chapter 24.)
8.
Predation is a term that you probably already know. Can you give examples of some predator-prey combinations as listed below? Predator Animal Animal Fungus Bacteria Fungus Prey Animal Plant Animal Animal Plant Example
9.
List three special adaptations that predator species possess for obtaining food.
10.
List three ways prey species elude predators.
11.
Compare the two types of mimicry. Description Example
Type of Mimicry Batesian
Müllerian
12.
What is herbivory?
Chapter 54: Community Ecology
Name_____________________________Period_________
Chapter 54: Community Ecology
Concept 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. 1. What is a community? List six organisms that would be found in your schoolyard community.
2.
This section will look at interspecific interactions. Be clear on the meaning of the prefix! To begin, distinguish between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Give an example of each. Explanation Example
Type of Competition Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition
3.
What is G. F. Gause’s competitive exclusion principle? Give one example.
4.
Define ecological niche.
5.
Several species of Anolis lizards live in the same types of trees and have a similar diet. Discuss resource partitioning to explain how interspecific competition is reduced. (Study Figure 54.2.)
6.
What is the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
-1-
AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw 7.
Chapter 54: Community Ecology
Study Figure 54.5, and then explain what is meant by character displacement. (To do this, you will have to learn or review the difference between sympatric populations and allopatric populations. You will find this information in Chapter 24.)
8.
Predation is a term that you probably already know. Can you give examples of some predator-prey combinations as listed below? Predator Animal Animal Fungus Bacteria Fungus Prey Animal Plant Animal Animal Plant Example
9.
List three special adaptations that predator species possess for obtaining food.
10.
List three ways prey species elude predators.
11.
Compare the two types of mimicry. Description Example
Type of Mimicry Batesian
Müllerian
12.
What is herbivory?