Isotopes Any of two or more forms of a chemical element‚ having the same number of protons in the nucleus‚ but having different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Some isotopes are unstable‚ especially those with a lot of neutrons compared to the number of protons in the nucleus. These isotopes tend to eject some particles‚ in the form of radiation‚ until a stable nucleus is produced; this is called the radioactive decay. Four isotopes as well as their uses are mentioned subsequently.
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2-Define Isotopes give two examples of isotopes An isotope is a variant on an element that has a different atomic weight from other variants. Except for hydrogen —this has only a proton. All atoms of an element have the same atomic number. However‚ some of the atoms of that element differ in mass number because they have different numbers of neutrons‚ though they behave identically and have the same number of protons. For example‚ a nitrogen atom has 7 protons and its common isotope has 7 neutrons
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Episode 515: The radioactive decay formula Here‚ the key idea is the random nature of the decay. Avoid simply pulling pull equations out of the air – at least make them plausible. Summary Discussion: The meaning of the decay constant λ. (15 minutes) Discussion: The link with half-life. (15 minutes) Student experiments: Analogue experiments linking probability with decay rates. (20 minutes) Discussion: The meaning of the decay constant λ. Start from the definition
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All kinds of rocks contain very small amounts of radioactive elements‚ these are unstable and they break down into more stable atoms over time‚ which is called radioactive decay. Scientists can tell how old a rock is by using radiometric clocks‚ or by looking at its absolute age. Geologists measure the amount of certain radioactive elements; as time passes the radioactive elements change at regular rates‚ into non-radioactive elements. The older a rock is the larger the number of elements. The age
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INTRODUCTION Radioactive emissions are electromagnetic radiations which occur due to the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei. Natural elements with atomic number greater than 83 and isotopes of some lighter elements are found to be radioactive. They are categorized as alpha‚ beta and gamma radiations. Alpha particles are positively charged helium-4 nuclei ‚ beta particles are high energy-high speed electrons while gamma rays unlike alpha and beta radiation have no mass and charge and
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pollution control‚ and archeology. Used to treat cancerous tumors…to measure correct patient dosages of radioactive pharmaceuticals…to measure and control the liquid flow in oil pipelines…to tell researchers whether oil wells are plugged by sand…and to ensure the right fill level for packages of food‚ drugs‚ and other products. (The products in these packages do not become radioactive.) Used in research in red blood cell survival studies. Cobalt-57 Cobalt-60 Copper-67 Used as
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Isotopes‚ sub-atomic particles and relative atomic mass Sub-atomic particles A subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom: it may be elementary or composite. In 1905‚ Albert Einstein demonstrated the physical reality of the photons‚ hypothesized by Max Planck in 1900‚ in order to solve the problem of black body radiation in thermodynamics. In 1874‚ G. Johnstone Stoney postulated a minimum unit of electrical charge‚ for which he suggested the name electron in 1891. In 1897‚ J. J. Thomson confirmed
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simple‚ it was revolutionary. Scientists became able to study the actual structure and mass of atoms after the discovery of radioactivity. Soon‚ isotopes were discovered‚ as atoms of the same element which have been built up to have different masses. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to investigate the mass properties and relative abundance of isotopes for the “bean bag” element (symbol‚ Bg)‚ and to calculate the atomic mass of this element. Equipment and Materials Balance centigram (0.01-g
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Radioactive Isotopes Radioactive Isotopes Medical isotopes are used in medicine in three distinct ways: 1. Radioactive isotopes can be injected into a patient‚ and their emitted energy can then be captured on film. The resulting image is an important diagnostic tool. 2. Gamma rays emitted from a radioactive source can be directed onto a tumour‚ destroying the cancerous cells. 3. Radioactive isotopes can be manufactured into drugs. Once injected into a patient‚ the drug will
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radiation to kill cancer cells‚ and also harmful bacteria and other micro-organisms. The hazard symbol is shown on containers of radioactive substances to warn of the danger. Alpha‚ beta and gamma radiation The degree to which each different type of radiation is most dangerous to the body depends on whether the source is outside or inside the body. If the radioactive source is inside the body‚ perhaps after being swallowed or breathed in: Alpha radiation is the most dangerous because it is easily
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