model of abnormality‚ we now have six very different models. The original model of abnormality was‚ unfortunately‚ the product of cultural beliefs. But because no one model can be deemed complete on its own‚ competing models have since developed to strive for the comprehensive means for treatment. For example‚ the biological model and the psychodynamic model take very different approaches on understanding thoughts and emotions. All models are unique and similar to each other‚ but the biological model
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1) Biological Approach The Biological approach studies the relationship between behavior and the brain and nervous system. Theorically all behavior can be related to changes in brain activity. Because brain is the processing centre that controls all complex behavior. One of the main assumptions of the biological approach is that all behavior is associated with changes in brain function. Therefore the psychopathology will occur due to changes in either the structure if related to changes in the
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Outline and evaluate the cognitive model of abnormality (12 marks) The cognitive model of abnormality suggests that the individual is the cause of the mental disorder because they are in control of their own thoughts. The cognitive model states that if our perceptions are wrong‚ then our emotions and behaviour may become distorted. According to Beck‚ there is a cycle which is thought to lead to depression. The components of the triangle are: negative thoughts about themselves‚ negative expectations
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Outline and evaluate the biological approach to addiction For “cool” Amreen I structure it like this: How the approach explains initiation of an addiction How the approach explains maintenance of an addiction How the approach explains relapse Evaluation (AO1‚ AO2‚ AO1‚ …) IDA The biological approach suggests that genetic factors may create a predisposition to the initiation of an addiction. An individual who inherits a genetic abnormality relating to the regulation of dopamine is more likely to
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Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality. (12 Marks) The psychodynamic model (which is based on Freud’s theories) states that abnormalities are results of a conflict which has gone wrong in the “psyche” (in the mind). Freud’s idea states that the psyche - which is made up of the (id‚ ego and superego)‚ should all work in perfect harmony with each other to avoid being an abnormal person. It is the idea that conscious thoughts and feelings are determined by the unconscious mind
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Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology (12 marks) The biological approach is widely used in diagnosing and treating mental illness. The theory suggests that mental illnesses occur due to a physical cause. Physical causes include genetic inheritance‚ viruses‚ toxicity‚ physical trauma for example a head injury or perhaps an imbalance of hormones bought on by stress. These physical‚ external occurrences can distort thinking‚ emotion and behaviours in some people. Studies
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Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to psychopathology. (12 marks) Behaviourists believe that all of a person’s complex behaviours are the result of learning through interaction with the environment. Behaviourists deal with the following forms of learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning people learn to associate two stimuli when they occur together‚ such that the response originally elicited by one stimulus is transferred to another. The person
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“Outline and evaluate research into one or more biological rhythms” [research = theories and studies] There are three main biological rhythms‚ which are called infradian‚ circadian and ultradian. Ultradian rhythms occur multiple times in one day. Circadian rhythms are cycles‚ which occur once a day‚ so within the 24 hours such as the sleep-wake cycle. Infradian rhythms are less frequent once in a day such as the menstrual cycle or hibernation. The research into these rhythms offers an insight
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Describe and evaluate social influences on gender roles (25 marks) Bandura and Walters (1963) proposed the social learning theory initially to explain aggression in children‚ yet they argued it can be readily applied to any behaviour. SLT suggests we acquire new behaviours via observing others‚ then modelling the observed behaviour. We are more likely to model behaviours if the behaviour is rewarded‚ via indirect‚ vicarious reinforcement. We can also learn new behaviours via being reinforced
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Outline and evaluate biological therapies as treatments of depression. There many forms of treatment to cure depression‚ many of which are biological. These target the physical and chemical side of the body. Anti-depressants and other drugs are the most common forms of treating depression. They work by boosting levels of insufficient neurotransmitters such as serotonin and nor-adrenaline. They will either reduce the amount of re-absorption or block the enzyme that is trying to break down neurotransmitters
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