inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The First Congress responded by enacting the Judiciary Act of 1789‚ which established 13 district courts in major cities‚ three circuit courts‚ and a Supreme Court composed of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices (Library of Congress). History of the United States Court System The Judiciary Act of 1789 was one of the first pieces of legislation enacted by the newly formed U.S. Congress. The law created a dual
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Running head: THE BASIC STRUCTURE THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION Liji George Christ University Abstract There are certain core parts of the Constitution which cannot be amended‚ at least not with the normal procedures of amendment. There was a time in the history of India when this particular issue was hotly debated‚ like the period from 1970s to 1980s. The framers of the constitution wanted the constitution to be a dynamic document rather than a rigid framework‚ which
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Constitution of India- Whether Federal or Unitary It has been the matter of debate among the scholars that whether the constitution of India is completely federal or unitary in nature. But actually Indian constitution contains both features of a federal constitution and unitary constitution. But for the very clear picture of this conclusion first of all we have to know that what is the federal constitution and what is unitary constitution. What feature of Indian constitution makes it federal or what
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these powers are often exercise without restraint and in controversial situations. PP are nevertheless important and they are not subject to tough enough parliamentary and judiciary scrutiny and I will support this by examining the available PP and their usage as well as the limited restrains from parliament and the judiciary on their use. History of PP Formally in the UK‚ executive powers are rested in the crown. However in reality this is not the case. Traditionally this was the stance in the
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applies a different‚ more suspicious standard toward direct legislation. In face of the judiciary being the only line of defense put forth in the initiative process‚ perhaps the court should be more suspicious‚ however‚ this does not seem as the best solution. A more encompassing one would be to change some of the institutions of direct democracy in order to assure both judicial defense and guarantee that the judiciary would not overstep its
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Contents INTRODUCTION We the people of Eire…Humbl[y] acknowledging all our obligations to our Divine Lord‚ Jesus Christ‚ who sustained our fathers through centuries of trial….gratefully remembering their heroic and unremitting struggle to regain the rightful independence of our Nation‚ and seeking to promote the common good‚ with due observance of Prudence‚ Justice and Charity‚ so that dignity and freedom of the individual may be assured‚ true social order attained‚ the
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prominence in the present days. In the form of Public Interest Litigation (PIL)‚ citizens are getting access to justice. Judiciary has become the centre of controversy‚ in the recent past‚ on account of the sudden (Me in the level of judicial intervention. The area of judicial intervention has been steadily expanding through the device of public interest litigation. The judiciary has shed its pro-status-quo approach and taken upon itself the duty to enforce the basic rights of the poor and vulnerable
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All state level governments have a third equal branch of government known as the judiciary. The States all have different ways of selecting or appointing judges to the bench. Each state has different levels of courts with in its own justice systems and the Judges are selected and elected for different terms in each state. There are three characteristics of the Judicial system in Texas that make it stand out from other states‚ one is that Texas has two appellate courts of last resort‚ its trial
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Thomas Jefferson‚ the newly elected president ordered not to deliver commissions to newly appointed judges‚ including the PETITIONER‚ making him unable to assume office. PETITIONER asked the Supreme Court to issue a writ of mandamus (based on the Judiciary Act of 1789‚ which granted the Supreme Court jurisdiction over petitions for writs of mandamus) forcing the RESPONDENT‚ Secretary of State James Madison‚ to deliver his commission. Issue: - Does the PETITIONER have the right to the commission?
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The term of Democracy comes from Greek word which is demos (the people) and kratos (power). Democracy has a root meaning of the power of the people (Ober‚ 2007). On the other word‚ democracy is rule by people. The democratic system of one political system in which the people have the power and the right to choose the ruler that can form of government through elections. All political decision must be made based on the people‘s wishes. There are two type of political system democracy are often a contentious
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