ground water levels. As per the latest assessment‚ the annual replenishable ground water resource of country has been estimated as 433 billion cubic meter (bcm)‚ out of which 399 bcm is considered to be available for development for various uses. The irrigation sector remains the major consumer of ground water‚ accounting for 92% of its annual withdrawal. The development of ground water in the country is highly uneven and shows considerable variations from place to place. Though the overall stage of ground
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HISTORY AND PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN: HISTORY: Pakistan inherited an agricultural economy at the time of the Partition in 1947. The cultivated area particularly of the Punjab was regarded as the bread basket or granary of the Subcontinent. The development of agriculture was ignored in the initial years inspire of the fact that the agricultural sector was the largest single contributor to the GDP. It employed 80% of the population directly or indirectly‚ accounted for 73% of the foreign
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perform basic tasks such as watering soil in the absence of rain. The number of people - hours required to water soil manually on several thousand acres of land might result in businesses sending thousands of dollars in labor and utility costs. If the irrigation process is automated‚ sensors detect how much rain has fallen recently‚ as well as whether the soil is in need of watering. The sensors then send this data to a computer that processes in and decided when and how much to water. In addition to
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giardiasis‚ ascariasis‚ and hookworm. Also‚ ways of conserving water such as collecting rain water and using it in watering the garden and washing the car were neglected. These could have lower the demands of water supplies used in cleaning and irrigation purposes. Problem: How can we make people aware of water pollution and find a way to prevent it as well as promote water conservation especially in areas where
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The damaging effects of salt accumulation in agricultural soils have influenced both ancient and modern day civilizations alike. Worldwide‚ an estimated 24.7 million acres of once agriculturally productive land are being lost annually due to irrigation-induced salinity‚ according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Thus‚ crop production is limited by salinity on 40% of the worlds irrigated land and on 25% of the irrigated land in the United States. These statistics indicate that the progressive
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influence. It includes liquid waste discharged from domestic houses‚ industrial‚ agricultural or commercial processes. Driven by rapid urbanisation and growing wastewater volumes‚ wastewater is widely used as a low-cost alternative to conventional irrigation water. It supports livelihoods and generates considerable value in urban and peri-urban agriculture despite the health and environmental risks associated with this practice. It is estimated that up to one-tenth of the world’s population eats
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of reduced levels‚ types of levelling‚ contouring. Irrigation‚ classification of projects‚ flow irrigation and lift irrigation. Water source‚ Water lifting devices – pumps (shallow and deep well)‚ capacity‚ power calculations. Irrigation water measurement – weirs‚ flumes and orifices and methods of water measurement and instruments. Water conveyance systems‚ open channel and underground pipeline. Irrigation methods – drip and sprinkle irrigation systems. Soil and water conservation – soil erosion
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1 1)What cultural achievements characterized life in the Neolithic period? Cultural achievements that characterized life in the Neolithic period are the domestication of plants and animals‚ the rise of food production‚ having time apart from food production to socialize and create art‚ having different labors other than those related to food (priests‚ shopkeepers‚ artisans‚ etc.)‚ and lastly the creation of civilizations. 2) How did Mesopotamian civilization emerge‚ and what technologies promoted
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Stephen Kumalo and James Jarvis:Comparing Their Character DevelopmentThis essay will compare the character development of Stephen Kumalo and James Jarvis in Alan Patons novel‚ Cry‚ The Beloved Country. Even though the two men are of two races‚ they experience a parallel journey. The first three paragraphs will describe Kumalos path of how he tries to find the truth about his son‚ and then the healing process after his sons trial. The fourth and fifth paragraph will depict the path James Jarvis took
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HOW TO REVIVE AGRICULTURE AND FARMING IN NIGERIA AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA: DEAD OR ALIVE? A lot has been said about agriculture in Nigeria. Some said it is dead while some others say it is still alive. Whatever the case maybe‚ is irrelevant‚ what matters most is the way forward and that is the main purpose of this hub. Things that should be done by the government and all concerned to improve the standard of agriculture in Nigeria and agriculture in Africa as a whole are listed in the next section
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