Computer Program for Calculating Properties of Equilibrium Combustion Products with Some Applications to I.C. Engines Cherian Olikara and Gary L. Borman University of Wisconsin MANY MODELS FOR ENGINE COMBUSTION PROBLEMS use the First Law of Thermodynamics as applied to either the entire cylinder contents or to sub systems. Examples include models for spark ig nition engines (1)*‚ diesel engines (2) and stratified charge engines (3). Typically the major species of the products
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15 / 10/ 2012 Lecture Room DKP 10 Engineering Thermodynamics Lecture 6: Evaluating Properties Using the Ideal gas OUTLINE: Real gases‚ specific heats‚ internal energy‚ enthalpy In this section the ideal gas model is introduced. The ideal gas model has many applications in engineering practice and is frequently used in subsequent section of this text. Ideal gas Equation state From the Generalized compressibility chart show that the state where the pressure p is small relative
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−1 − 12 z2 d 5 = 0 dt z3 0 8 4 z4 3 3 x1 x2 = Chen CL 9 Process Simulation Simulation of A Gas Process Consider the gas tank shown below. A fan blows air into a tank‚ and from the tank the air flows out through a valve. Suppose the air flow delivered by the fan is given by fi(t) = 0.16mi(t) where fi(t) is gas flow in scf/min‚ (scf is cubic feet at standard conditions of 60oF and 1 atm); mi(t) is signal to fan‚ %. The flow through the valve is expressed
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Student: Mary Chrisin L. ObreroDate: October 7‚ 2014 Section: 116 Behavior of Gases and Determination of Absolute Zero Experiments 4&5 Introduction: First of all‚ the Boyle’s law (pressure-volume law) indicates that the volume of a certain amount of gas given held at a constant temperature differentiates inversely with the applied pressure when there are constant temperature and mass. Equations: PV=C. When pressure goes up‚ volume goes down (derived from the equation above): P1V1 = P2V2 =
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thermodynamics substancessuch as gases and vapours are often referred as P-V-T substances.An ideal gas obeys the equation of state that relates the pressure‚ specific volume or density‚ and absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the gas constant‚ R.However‚ real gas does not absolutely obey the equation of state. A few modifications onthe ideal gas equation of state allow its application in the properties of real gas. Whenenergy is added within water‚ the increasing of activities among the molecules
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(isothennal w-s atm- 1 at 20 °C; find out (!lin SI unit. [2) (d) In the gas-phase reaction A+ 2B ~ 3C + 2 D‚ it was found that when 2.00 mol A‚ 1.00 mol B‚ and 3.00 molD were mixed and allowed to come to equilibrium at 25°C‚ the resulting mixture contained 0.79 mol Cat a total pressure of 1.00 bar. Calculate (i) Kx‚ (ii) Kpand (iii) ~Gr • The 0 symbols carry usual meaning. Assume the gases are ideal. [2+1+1] [P.T.O.] L - ·- ---------- - - - -__ _ _ _ _ _! Q2. (a) Standard
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ANSWERS 391 ANSWERS Chapter 9 9.1 9.2 1.8 (a) From the given graph for a stress of 150 × 106 N m-2 the strain is 0.002 (b) Approximate yield strength of the material is 3 × 108 N m-2 9.3 (a) Material A (b) Strength of a material is determined by the amount of stress required to cause fracture: material A is stronger than material B. 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 (a) False (b) True 1.5 × 10-4 m (steel); 1.3 × 10-4 m (brass) Deflection
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3: Problems & Answers Week 4: Feb 2- 6‚ 2009 1. Consider a gas that occupies 1.00 dm3 at a pressure of 2.00 bar. If the gas is compressed isothermally at constant external pressure‚ Pext‚ so that the final volume is 0.500 dm3‚ what is the smallest value Pext can have? Calculate the work involved using this value of Pext. Solution For compression to occur‚ the value of Pext must be at least as large as the final pressure of the gas. P1 = 2.00 bar‚ V1 = 1.00 dm3‚ V2 = 0.500 dm3‚ P2 = ? = 4
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I) INTRODUCTION * Industrial Chemistry deals with the preparation of products from raw materials through the agency of chemical change * Chemistry is important to Industry by: * Regulating manufacturing processes * Quality Control * Research and Development * Sources of raw materials from the natural environment 1) Lithosphere –Earth’s Crust 2) Hydrosphere – Marine and Oceanic Environment 3) Atmosphere – Air 4) Plants – Biosphere * Classification of Natural
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In other words‚ a mole of a 12 amu carbon atom will weigh 12 grams. The gram formula mass can be used as a conversion factor in stoichiometric calculations through the following equation: Moles = Converting between Volume of a Gas and Moles The Ideal Gas Law is PV = nRT ‚ with nrepresenting the number of moles. n = Mass to Moles Moles to Mass (same!) Atoms to Mass Divide by 6.022x10^23‚ then multiply by atomic mas To convert mass to atoms: Find the atomic mass of
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