which over 30 percent of agricultural produce goes waste every year. 2. More than 30% of produce from fields is lost to poor pre/post-harvesting facilities and lack of cold chain infrastructure. 3. Only 7% of food in India is processed. With such a monumental wastage in Indian agricultural sector; it would be advisable to rethink seriously into the pre and post harvesting processes. Especially drying and cold storage methods whose are the major energy consumers among the world. Drying is the oldest
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2012 Design Optimization and Implementation for RF Energy Harvesting Circuits Prusayon Nintanavongsa‚ Student Member‚ IEEE‚ Ufuk Muncuk‚ David Richard Lewis‚ and Kaushik Roy Chowdhury‚ Member‚ IEEE Abstract—A new design for an energy harvesting device is proposed in this paper‚ which enables scavenging energy from radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves. Compared to common alternative energy sources like solar and wind‚ RF harvesting has the least energy density. The existing state-of-the-art
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mother and father. Any techniques used to aid infertility must respect this fact. For this reason‚ Catholics cannot allow for any fertility treatment where spare embryos are created. Embryos‚ Catholics believe‚ are not disposable commodities. Catholics believe that Artificial Insemination and IVF are acceptable if there are no spare embryos created and no donor used. Pope Pius XII described a donor being used as ’mechanical adultery’. Donating sperm to create a child‚ yet having no responsibility for
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in the science communities throughout the world. The first demonstration of artificial embryo twinning was performed by Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch using a sea urchin (National Human Genome Research Institute). In this simple experiment‚ Dreisch proved that shaking two-celled sea urchin embryos separated them and allowed each cell to grow into full sea urchins. What was learned by this experiment was that embryos in early stages of development have their own set of genes and can grow into full organisms
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parent plant. 1938- Hans Spermann‚ of Germany‚ envisions what he calls the "fantastical experiment". He suggests taking the nucleus from a cell in the late-stage embryo and transplanting that nucleus into an egg. 1952- Scientists Robert Briggs and T.J. King use a pipette to suck the nucleus from the cell of an advanced frog embryo‚ they then add it to a frog egg. The egg didn’t develop. 1970- John Gurdon tries the same experiment with the same procedure. The eggs developed into tadpoles but
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Reproduction Male sperm fuses with female egg. If tdf (a gene) is present‚ then the embryo develops testes and produces testosterone. Female Reproductive system • Female baby develops if tdf is not present. • Tdf – a gene located on Y chromosome; if girl‚ then two X chromosomes‚ hence no Tdf. • Female hormones: progesterone and estrogen ( both secreted by mother’s ovaries and placenta which allow female genetilia to develop. Parts of the female reproductive system:
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stem cells 3.2 Adult stem cells 3.3.3 Derivation of adult stem cells 3.3.4 Characteristics of adult stem cells 3.0 Drawbacks of embryonic stem cell research 4.3 Ethics controversies 4.4.5 Moral status of an embryo 4.4.6 Utilization of embryonic stem cells 4.4 Immune rejections 4.5.7 Immune system responses 4.5.8 Immunosuppression 4.5 Legality issues 4.6.9 In the United Kingdom 4.6.10 In the United States
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’ or characteristics according to the direction of those that hold with them the power to change a baby before it is born. This may be the parents‚ scientists or doctors. Currently‚ it is a technology in its early stages‚ used to screen embryos and select those with desirable traits for implantation into a mother. However‚ as it slowly advances and possibilities begin to reveal themselves‚ parties for and against have rallied about the moral rights
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Question: Is IVF worth the risks and possible side effects for the mother and child? The process of conception is open to a myriad of complications‚ starting from fertilization. If an individual‚ male or female‚ is infertile‚ they are biologically unable to contribute to the conception of a child. According to McArthur ’s ’Infertility statistics ’ (2007) one in eight couples are infertile. Ordinarily a fertile couple in their twenties having regular unprotected sex has only a 25% chance of conception
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unhealthy embryos. Embryos that show normal development are biopsied with micromanipulation techniques involving the use of very fine glass needles and tools under microscopic observation and control to obtain sufficient cells (blastomeres) for analysis. Based on animal experiments as well as 10 years of experience with PGD in humans‚ including over 200 normal births‚ it is felt that removal of small numbers of cells is unlikely to affect the continued development of a healthy embryo and foetus
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