1 Linguistics and sociolinguistics It is difficult to see adequately the functions of language‚ because it is so deeply rooted in the whole of human behaviour that it may be suspected that there is little in the functional side of our conscious behaviour in which language does not play its part. Sapir (1933) Language is a complicated business. In everyday talk‚ we use the word ‘language’ in many different ways. It isn’t clear how ‘language’ should be defined or what the person on the street thinks
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been‚ until the last few decades‚ cast aside as its defective by-product. However‚ recent linguistic studies show that intermingling languages should not be considered an ill-conceived overlapping tendency that implies carelessness and a improper use of language‚ but a linguistic phenomenon with its own intricate rules and purposes. The addition of objectivity towards this subject has enabled linguists to describe in length the downsides and benefits of intermingling languages. None of the pros
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Literary criticism is defined as the attempt to explain a literary work through theory. Similar in the short story “A Question of Dowry” written by Siew Yue Killingly‚ there few theories that can be used to analysis the story. The most prominent literary criticism that can be used to explain the short story is feminism criticism and reader response. Feminism is can be defined as gender inequalities and strives for equal rights for woman. In the Indian society the women do not have any freedom
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IFL A4.2 (2011-2012) Chapter 1: What is Language? - - .b lo gs po t.c om - Language can be viewed as a social fact‚ as a psychological state (mental dictionary)‚ as a set of structures (a grammatical system: a system to what orders the words have to come in if they are to make sense)‚ or as a collection of outputs (utterances/sentences: spoken or written). Language can be viewed as a set of choices (different ways of saying a sentence)‚ a set of contrasts (an inversion
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like the innateness hypothesis‚ the imitation theory‚ the reinforcement theory‚ the active construction of a grammar theory and even connectionist and social interaction theories. It seems that the more scientists study language the theories increase. Amongst the numerous theories two most outstanding ones are the theory of innatess and the social interaction theory. Many arguments have centred on‚ whether language is solely the product of experiences‚(Lock and Hunte)‚ which is a view of
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What is Social Science? “Social science is‚ in its broadest sense‚ the study of society and the manner in which people behave and influence the world around us” (Economic and Social Research Council) Specifically‚ study of Human behavior (what people do) Characteristics (who people are) Value (what people prefer) Social Science cont… Subjects Anthropology‚ Communication studies‚ Criminology‚ Economics‚ Geography‚ History‚ Political science‚ Psychology‚ Social studies‚ and sociology ethnicity
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Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings ≥ Cognitive Linguistics Research 34 Editors Dirk Geeraerts ´ Rene Dirven John R. Taylor Honorary editor Ronald W. Langacker Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings Edited by Dirk Geeraerts Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton‚ The Hague) is a Division of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG‚ Berlin Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI
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1979). In some cultures‚ new skills are learned through nonverbal observation. A distinction has also been made between cultures that encourage independent learning and those that encourage cooperative learning (McLeod‚ 1994). Differences in the social roles of adults and children also influence how language is used. Home and school contexts may represent different cultures‚ subcultures‚ or both and may influence language acquisition in noticeable ways. Nonverbal cues (e.g.‚ facial expression) and
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John Baugh in his article “Linguistic Profiling” (2003) discusses “linguistic discrimination based on speech or writing” (2003‚ p. 155). The article discusses the negative and positive effects that linguistic profiling has on people‚ specifically on the people with an “undesirable accent or dialect” (2003‚ p.155). Much like racial profiling and its negative effects on people of color‚ linguistic profiling is the practice of imposing certain social characteristics on people who speak with a particular
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This is a little summary of the essay. In this report James Paul Gee (1996) from his book Social Linguistics And Literacy has given the idea that literacy is not just the ability to read and write but it is mush more than that. It is the knowledge of different "discourses" which are part of our personalities and the knowledge of the beliefs and values connected to these discourses. He also gives the idea of a liberating literacy which "can be used as a meta-language or a meta- discourse ( a set
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