in the early 1970s. They did not exhibit distress on separation‚ and either ignored the caregiver on their return (A1 subtype) or showed some tendency to approach together with some tendency to ignore or turn away from the caregiver (A2 subtype). Ainsworth and Bell theorised that the apparently unruffled behaviour of the avoidant infants is in
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Whilst an emphasis on social and emotional development is clearly advantageous‚ it should be appreciated that attachment issues‚ which are common amongst SEBD students‚ must be addressed if they are to make academic progress. In their earliest years‚ children form an attachment to their primary caregivers; normally their parents; as the people who meet their physical and emotional needs. However SEBD students‚ who have typically lacked this nurturing care and who may have felt neglected and alone
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use of cigarettes‚ alcohol‚ or other drugs during pregnancy may have damaging effects on the unborn child that may affect the child mentally or physically as they develop. • Experiences - Throughout the twentieth century‚ psychologists such as Bowlby‚ Freud‚ Erikson‚ and Sroufe have stressed the profound importance of early socioemotional experiences on later psychological outcomes. • Environmental / External influences - The ability to adapt to our environment is a part of normal development
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Week 17B * During today’s lecture‚ we will begin our coverage of psychodynamic theories. * First‚ we will cover Sigmund Freud’s (1914) psychoanalytic theory‚ Robert Raskin’s (Raskin & Hall‚ 1979; Raskin & Terry‚ 1988) related research on the measurement of narcissism‚ and W. Keith Campbell and Craig Foster’s (2002) related research on narcissism as a predictor of perceived quality of alternatives to current romantic relationships. * Highlights of Chapters 5 and 7 (cont.)
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Outline and evaluate research into cross-cultural variation in Attachment (12) Some studies support Bowlby’s theory view that attachment is universal and those studies show cultural similarities. However there are also studies that suggest the importance of cultural differences. Some research suggest that some aspects of attachment are consistent across cultures. Ainsworth’s research supports this. She found in her studies of Us children and Ugandan childrens that sensitive mothering was linked
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Twelve-year-old Alexa Daley is spending another summer in Bridwell with her father. She looks forward to exploring the old lodge where she stays each year‚ with its cozy library and maze of passages and rooms. she’s also eager to finally solve the mystery of what lies beyond the immense walls that were built to keep out an unnamed evil that lurks in the forest and the dark hills-an evil the townspeople are still afraid of. As Alexa begins to on ravel the truth about what lies outside the protective
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Behaviourist Skinner Skinners operant conditioning negative and positive reinforcement‚ this theory can be applied though stickers praise and reward for good behaviour and through disapproval‚ time out and ignoring unwanted behaviour. John Bowlby Worked on attachment theories which are used in the day to day practice in education and social care at all stages they are given key workers who they
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References: Bowlby‚ J. (1969) Attachment and Loss: Volume I: Attachment. London: Hogarth Press Leverett S. (2011) ‘Children’s spaces’ in Foley P. and Leverett S. (eds) Children and Yong People’s Spaces‚ Basingstoke‚ Palgrave Macmillan/Milton Keynes‚ the Open University
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Therapist‚ 11‚ 27-32. Barnard‚ M. and McKeganey‚ N. (2004)‚ The impact of parental problem drug use on children: what is the problem and what can be done to help?. Addiction‚ 99: 552–559. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00664.x Crittenden‚ P.M.‚ & Ainsworth‚ M Department of Health and Human Services‚ Administration on Children‚ Youth‚ and Families. Child Maltreatment. ( 2008). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. (2010). Retrieved from http:// www.acf.hhs.gov. Kroll‚ B.‚ (2003). Living with an
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Discuss the influence of childhood and/or adolescent experiences on adult relationships. (9 marks + 16 marks) The internal working model is a system during infancy that determines what we experience as romantic relationships as adults. According to Bowlby‚ later relationships are likely to be a continuation of early attachment styles (insecure or secure). This internal working model can‚ in extreme cases‚ cause them to develop an attachment disorder. Children with attachment disorders may avoid the
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