A&P 1 chapter 8 study guide
AP I
Chapter 8- Joints of the Skeletal System
1) What is a joint?
Functional junctions between bones
2) How are joints classified?
Structurally: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Functionally: immovable, slightly moveable, freely moveable
3) Describe the 3 types of fibrous joints.
• Syndemosis: sheet or bundle of dense connective tissue
• Sutures: only between flat bones of skull
• Gomphosis: binds teeth to bony sockets
4) What is the function of the fontanels?
Allows the skull to slightly change which allows the infant to pass through the birth canal more easily.
5) Describe two types of cartilaginous joints.
• Synchondrosis: bands of hyaline unite the bones
• Symphysis: bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, and the cartilage is attached to a springy fibrocartilage.
6) What is the function of an intervertebral disc?
They absorb shocks and help equalize pressure between the vertebrae when the body moves
7) Describe the structure of a synovial joint.
Two bones are held together by a joint capsule composed of two layers. Ligaments help reinforce the capsule. The cavity between the bones are filled with a viscous fluid called synovial fluid.
8) What is the function of the synovial joint?
Allow free movements
9) Name six types of synovial joints and describe the structure of each.
• Ball + Socket: globular shaped head articulates with a cup shaped cavity
• Condylar: Ovoid condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another
• Plane/Gliding: nearly flat or slightly curved
• Hinge: convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another
• Pivot: the cylindrical surface of one bone fits rotates in a ring formed of a bone and a ligament.
• Saddle: articulating surfaces have both convex and concave surfaces.
10) Define the following movements and give an example.
Flexion-bending parts, angle decreases, parts come closer
Extension-moving parts, angle increses, parts move farther away
Hyperextension-extension
Chapter 8- Joints of the Skeletal System
1) What is a joint?
Functional junctions between bones
2) How are joints classified?
Structurally: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Functionally: immovable, slightly moveable, freely moveable
3) Describe the 3 types of fibrous joints.
• Syndemosis: sheet or bundle of dense connective tissue
• Sutures: only between flat bones of skull
• Gomphosis: binds teeth to bony sockets
4) What is the function of the fontanels?
Allows the skull to slightly change which allows the infant to pass through the birth canal more easily.
5) Describe two types of cartilaginous joints.
• Synchondrosis: bands of hyaline unite the bones
• Symphysis: bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, and the cartilage is attached to a springy fibrocartilage.
6) What is the function of an intervertebral disc?
They absorb shocks and help equalize pressure between the vertebrae when the body moves
7) Describe the structure of a synovial joint.
Two bones are held together by a joint capsule composed of two layers. Ligaments help reinforce the capsule. The cavity between the bones are filled with a viscous fluid called synovial fluid.
8) What is the function of the synovial joint?
Allow free movements
9) Name six types of synovial joints and describe the structure of each.
• Ball + Socket: globular shaped head articulates with a cup shaped cavity
• Condylar: Ovoid condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another
• Plane/Gliding: nearly flat or slightly curved
• Hinge: convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another
• Pivot: the cylindrical surface of one bone fits rotates in a ring formed of a bone and a ligament.
• Saddle: articulating surfaces have both convex and concave surfaces.
10) Define the following movements and give an example.
Flexion-bending parts, angle decreases, parts come closer
Extension-moving parts, angle increses, parts move farther away
Hyperextension-extension