Chapter 8 Marieb
Chapter 8
Joints & Skeletal Movement
Classification of joints is by functional group (the amount of movement possible), and structural group (how the bones are held together).
Functional Group
Structural Group
Fibrous
(bones connected by short, fibrous filaments) Cartilagenous
(bones connected by cartilage) Synarthrosis
(immobile)
Suture
Amphiarthrosis
(slight movement)
Syndesmosis
cranium
-carpal/tarsal bones,
-btwn radius & ulna
Diarthrosis
(free mobility)
Gomphosis joint btwn teeth & maxilla/mandible Synchondrosis
Symphisis
-epiphyseal plate
-joint between first rib &manibrium
-intervetebral disc
-pubic symphisis
CTLGE=HYALINE
CTLGE=FIBROCTLGE
Synovial Joint
Synovial
(bones separated by fluid-filled cavity)
all joints of limbs most joints of body
A few notes about fibrous joints: o Some sutures ossify completely, such as in the frontal bones, and become synostosis. o Gomphosis joints have a peg-in-socket structure…one bone surrounds the other.
The fibrous connection is the periodontal ligaments. o Most fibrous joints are immovable o Sutures have very short CT fibers o In syndesmosis the bones are connected by a ligament
A few notes about cartilaginous joints: o Epiphyseal plates are temporary and become synostoses o Symphyses are designed for strength with flexibility o Fibrocartilage is compressible, acts as a shock absorber
Synovial Joints
Common features of synovial joints: o Articular cartilage (one on each bone) o Hyaline cartilage reduces friction o Joint cavity (space between bones – “potential space”) o Contains small amount of synovial fluid
Synovial Membrane…not a o Articular capsule (2 layers)
“true” membrane. o Outer layer is tough fibrous DICT that continues with the periosteum
Epithelial component = o Inner layer is synovial membrane fibroblasts and macrophages. o Some parts are thicker than others. The thicker parts are intrinsic ligaments
CT component = areolar o Synovial fluid
(a loose connective tissue) o Clear, viscous
Joints & Skeletal Movement
Classification of joints is by functional group (the amount of movement possible), and structural group (how the bones are held together).
Functional Group
Structural Group
Fibrous
(bones connected by short, fibrous filaments) Cartilagenous
(bones connected by cartilage) Synarthrosis
(immobile)
Suture
Amphiarthrosis
(slight movement)
Syndesmosis
cranium
-carpal/tarsal bones,
-btwn radius & ulna
Diarthrosis
(free mobility)
Gomphosis joint btwn teeth & maxilla/mandible Synchondrosis
Symphisis
-epiphyseal plate
-joint between first rib &manibrium
-intervetebral disc
-pubic symphisis
CTLGE=HYALINE
CTLGE=FIBROCTLGE
Synovial Joint
Synovial
(bones separated by fluid-filled cavity)
all joints of limbs most joints of body
A few notes about fibrous joints: o Some sutures ossify completely, such as in the frontal bones, and become synostosis. o Gomphosis joints have a peg-in-socket structure…one bone surrounds the other.
The fibrous connection is the periodontal ligaments. o Most fibrous joints are immovable o Sutures have very short CT fibers o In syndesmosis the bones are connected by a ligament
A few notes about cartilaginous joints: o Epiphyseal plates are temporary and become synostoses o Symphyses are designed for strength with flexibility o Fibrocartilage is compressible, acts as a shock absorber
Synovial Joints
Common features of synovial joints: o Articular cartilage (one on each bone) o Hyaline cartilage reduces friction o Joint cavity (space between bones – “potential space”) o Contains small amount of synovial fluid
Synovial Membrane…not a o Articular capsule (2 layers)
“true” membrane. o Outer layer is tough fibrous DICT that continues with the periosteum
Epithelial component = o Inner layer is synovial membrane fibroblasts and macrophages. o Some parts are thicker than others. The thicker parts are intrinsic ligaments
CT component = areolar o Synovial fluid
(a loose connective tissue) o Clear, viscous