World Contacts Before Columbus: Afro-Eurasian Trade World
Chapter 15 Outline
I. World Contacts Before Columbus
1. The Afro-Eurasian trade world linked Europe, Asia and Africa in the 15th century.
A. The Trade World of the Indian Ocean
1. Indian Ocean was the center of Afro-Eurasian trade world.
2. Location made crossroads for China, India, the Middle East, and Europe.
3. Trading volume increased over the centuries as merchants congregated in a series of cosmopolitan port cities, most had some form of autonomous self-government
4. Most developed area of commercial web was in the South China Sea.
5. Malacca became a great commercial entrepot
6. Entrepot is a trading pot to which goods were shipped for storage while awaiting redistribution to other places.
7. Mongol emperors opened the …show more content…
Spices were so desirable because they added flavor and variety to the monotonous European diet, evoked the scent of the Garden of Eden and divinity itself. They were used as flavoring, oils, religious rituals, medicines, and dyes.
3. Religious fervor was important factor for expansion. They had eagerness to spread Christianity.
4. Eagerness for exploration was heightened by a lack of opportunity at home.
5. Competition among European monarchs was an important factor in encouraging the steady stream of expeditions.
6. Men choose to join these miserable crews to escape poverty at home, to continue family trade, to find riches, or find better live.
7. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville was a popular book that was about the travels to the Holy Land, Egypt, Ethiopia, the Middle East, and India.
B. Technology and the Rise of Exploration
1. Technological developments in shipbuilding, weaponry, and navigation advanced European expansion.
2. Galleys-narrow, open boat propelled by slaves or convicts. They couldn't withstand the rough winds and waters.
3. Portuguese developed the caravel, a small, light, three-mast sailing ship. Held more cargo. More maneuverable …show more content…
Viceroy presided over the audiencia, a board of twelve to fifteen judges that served as his advisory council and the highest judicial body.
4. Charles III introduced the system of intendants to the New World territories. The royal officials possessed broad military , administrative and financial authority within their intendancies and were responsible no to the viceroy but to the monarchy in Madrid.
5. Corregidores held judicial and military powers.
B. Impact of European Settlement on the Lives of Indigenous Peoples
1. The lives of the Americans were transformed by the arrival of Europeans.
2. Haciendas were vast estates in temperate grazing areas.
3. The Spaniards imported livestock for ranching on these haciendas.
4. Spanish established the encomienda system, where the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; a disquised form of slavery.
5. The inhabitants of the New World had low resistance to disease and the infant morality rates was high and people were very malnourished.
6. Las Casas and other missionaries pressured Charles V to abolish the worst abuses of the encomienda system in
I. World Contacts Before Columbus
1. The Afro-Eurasian trade world linked Europe, Asia and Africa in the 15th century.
A. The Trade World of the Indian Ocean
1. Indian Ocean was the center of Afro-Eurasian trade world.
2. Location made crossroads for China, India, the Middle East, and Europe.
3. Trading volume increased over the centuries as merchants congregated in a series of cosmopolitan port cities, most had some form of autonomous self-government
4. Most developed area of commercial web was in the South China Sea.
5. Malacca became a great commercial entrepot
6. Entrepot is a trading pot to which goods were shipped for storage while awaiting redistribution to other places.
7. Mongol emperors opened the …show more content…
Spices were so desirable because they added flavor and variety to the monotonous European diet, evoked the scent of the Garden of Eden and divinity itself. They were used as flavoring, oils, religious rituals, medicines, and dyes.
3. Religious fervor was important factor for expansion. They had eagerness to spread Christianity.
4. Eagerness for exploration was heightened by a lack of opportunity at home.
5. Competition among European monarchs was an important factor in encouraging the steady stream of expeditions.
6. Men choose to join these miserable crews to escape poverty at home, to continue family trade, to find riches, or find better live.
7. The Travels of Sir John Mandeville was a popular book that was about the travels to the Holy Land, Egypt, Ethiopia, the Middle East, and India.
B. Technology and the Rise of Exploration
1. Technological developments in shipbuilding, weaponry, and navigation advanced European expansion.
2. Galleys-narrow, open boat propelled by slaves or convicts. They couldn't withstand the rough winds and waters.
3. Portuguese developed the caravel, a small, light, three-mast sailing ship. Held more cargo. More maneuverable …show more content…
Viceroy presided over the audiencia, a board of twelve to fifteen judges that served as his advisory council and the highest judicial body.
4. Charles III introduced the system of intendants to the New World territories. The royal officials possessed broad military , administrative and financial authority within their intendancies and were responsible no to the viceroy but to the monarchy in Madrid.
5. Corregidores held judicial and military powers.
B. Impact of European Settlement on the Lives of Indigenous Peoples
1. The lives of the Americans were transformed by the arrival of Europeans.
2. Haciendas were vast estates in temperate grazing areas.
3. The Spaniards imported livestock for ranching on these haciendas.
4. Spanish established the encomienda system, where the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; a disquised form of slavery.
5. The inhabitants of the New World had low resistance to disease and the infant morality rates was high and people were very malnourished.
6. Las Casas and other missionaries pressured Charles V to abolish the worst abuses of the encomienda system in