Principal-agent theory. In this time of ever more scarce government resources, the idea that one level of government can mandate the activities and therefore resource usage of another may seem counter-intuitive. Taken together with the politics-administration dichotomy, it would appear that civil servants have little control over what they do on a daily basis or how they are allowed to do their jobs. In reality, though, the bureaucrat signals the elected official in a number of ways about his or her preferences when it comes to methods of serving their clients, the public receiving the benefits of that agency’s activities (Lang, 2005, p.295). And elected officials similarly signal the bureaucrats. The challenge, though, comes from the many competing influences on the bureaucrat, surrounded by competing viewpoints and therefore differing directions to follow. Learning how to successfully navigate this complicated web of government level influence is a major task for public administrators!…
Public policies can be implemented by administrative agencies in the executive branch. Implementation can be through tax breaks, some form of punishment through fines or restrictions, or by appealing to people’s positive instincts to be helpful and do their duty as a citizen.…
In this assignment I am going to analyse how government policies are developed, covering all aspects of the policy making process.…
The topics of health care and health care reform are two of the most highly debated topics in society today. The Obama Care Plan is at the center of the health care crisis. Obama Care is aimed at reinforcing the American system of health care. The main focus of Obama Care is to regulate the industry of health insurance and also reduce spending. Obama Care was signed into law on March 23, 2010. The primary goal of this health care reform plan is to make it possible to be able to provide health care to all U.S. Citizens. There are currently about 44 million Americans that are unable to get health insurance. Obama Care’s major elements was to expand Medicaid and Medicare, where they are able to offer health insurance to a much larger group of citizens. Obama Care also provides assistance to Americans that are unable to afford health care. Another important element of this plan is to provide better wellness and preventative services. The reasoning behind this is that if individuals are able to have regular preventative services then not only is it quicker to diagnose illnesses but the rate of recovery is better and thus the expenses are much lower. (Obamacarefacts, 2014).…
In this book, authors Baumgartner and Jones present an analysis of the nature of the policymaking process and national agenda setting. The authors’ methodology in this study was to conduct an empirical study examining national policy issues over time and then highlight any notable patterns. In the book, the authors develop a political model to account of long periods of stability in policies where entrenched interests are evident, but also times where policy change happens relatively quickly and seems to favor new avenues of influence.…
Government, Politics, and Public Policy: A policymaking system is a set of institutions and activities that link together government, politics, and public policy. In a democratic society, parties, elections, interest groups, and the media are key linkage institutions between the preferences of citizens and the government’s policy agenda. When people confront government officials with problems they expect them to solve, they are trying to influence the government’s policy agenda. A government’s policy agenda changes frequently: if public officials want to get elected, they must pay attention to the problems that concern…
A Cording to the Oxford dictionary (2010) a policy is ‘a course of actions, as of a government, political, or business, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other…
The public policy is generally a sense which manifest, in the universal conscience of the citizens who are the total extends throughout the state which applied to the matter in public wellbeing, security, and welfare; However, universal settled public opinion which related to the responsibilities of citizens and other fellow citizens matters. Sometime these related responsiblies change in varies economic needs like social customs and moral ambitions of people. Considering the article noted that public policy enter into the influences, of the performance, that have the implementation and understanding of the legislation.…
Slack, Brian Dr. The Policy Process. The Geography of Transport Systems Ch. 9. Concept 2…
In this assignment I am going to analyse how government policies are developed, covering all aspects of the policy making process.There are many different levels of government which exist and have a direct or indirect impact on people’s lives. The levels of government are Central, (which involve the Monarchy, the House of Commons, and the House of Lords), Regional, (which involve Devolved parliaments) and Local, (which involve Local authorities, country councils and Metropolitan councils). Each level contains a variety of different organisations and branches of government which help to keep the country and the public services running smoothly and effectively. All branches of the government interact with each other to produce laws, and by interacting with each other and sharing ideas, new policies are created.…
Omini MD (2011). Medicaid, health IT to see billions from stimulus package signed by Obama. Retrieved December 2, 2011, from http://www.myemrstimulus.com/tag/emr-software/…
As the author notes, the effective communication of a policy analysis to policymakers is frequently difficult. Explain the sources of this difficulty, and describe at least three ways you might attempt to overcome it.…
References: Cochran, Charles L. and Eloise F. Malone. (2005). Public policy; perspectives and choices, 3d ed. (P221-P260). Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.…
Bibliography: Anderson J. E, Public Policymaking, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, 2000. Dye T. R, Understanding Public Policy, 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998. Dunn W. N, Public Policy Analysis- An Introduction, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994. Heineman R. A et al, The World of the Policy Analyst, Rationality, Values & Politics, 2nd ed., Catham House Publishers, Inc. Catham: New Jersey, 1997. Howlett M, and Ramesh M, Studying Public Policy, Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems, Oxford University Press: Canada, 1995. Hughes O.E, Public Management & Administration: An Introduction (2nd Ed), Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire, 1998. Lindblom C, The Policy Making Process, Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, 1968. Miyakawa T, The Science of Public Policy- Essential Readings in Policy Sciences 1, Routledge: London, 1999. Simon H. Administrative Behaviour, Second Edition, Macmillan: London, 1957. Simon, H.A. Models of Man, The Free Press: New York, 1957. Simon, H.A. (1979), "Rational decision making in business organisations", American Economic Review, September, pp.493-513.…
Policies should be made to attain the goals in life of equity, efficiency, security, and liberty. "Policy…