trigeneration
Energy 34 (2009) 2001–2008
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy
Operational strategy and marginal costs in simple trigeneration systems
M.A. Lozano, M. Carvalho, L.M. Serra*
´
Group of Thermal Engineering and Energy Systems (GITSE), Aragon Institute of Energy Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, CPS de
´
Ingenieros, Marıa de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 29 December 2008
Received in revised form
22 July 2009
Accepted 15 August 2009
Available online 19 September 2009
As a direct result of economic pressures to cut expenses, as well as the legal obligation to reduce emissions, companies and businesses are seeking ways to use energy more efficiently. Trigeneration systems (CHCP: Combined Heating, Cooling and Power generation) allow greater operational flexibility at sites with a variable demand for energy in the form of heating and cooling. This is particularly relevant in buildings where the need for heating is restricted to a few winter months. In summer, the absorption chillers make use of the cogenerated heat to produce chilled water, avoiding waste heat discharge. The operation of a simple trigeneration system is analyzed in this paper. The system is interconnected to the electric utility grid, both to receive electricity and to deliver surplus electricity. For any given demand required by the users, a great number of operating conditions are possible. A linear programming model provides the operational mode with the lowest variable cost. A thermoeconomic analysis, based on marginal production costs, is used to obtain unit costs for internal energy flows and final products as well as to explain the best operational strategy as a function of the demand for energy services and the prices of the resources consumed.
Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy
Operational strategy and marginal costs in simple trigeneration systems
M.A. Lozano, M. Carvalho, L.M. Serra*
´
Group of Thermal Engineering and Energy Systems (GITSE), Aragon Institute of Energy Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, CPS de
´
Ingenieros, Marıa de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 29 December 2008
Received in revised form
22 July 2009
Accepted 15 August 2009
Available online 19 September 2009
As a direct result of economic pressures to cut expenses, as well as the legal obligation to reduce emissions, companies and businesses are seeking ways to use energy more efficiently. Trigeneration systems (CHCP: Combined Heating, Cooling and Power generation) allow greater operational flexibility at sites with a variable demand for energy in the form of heating and cooling. This is particularly relevant in buildings where the need for heating is restricted to a few winter months. In summer, the absorption chillers make use of the cogenerated heat to produce chilled water, avoiding waste heat discharge. The operation of a simple trigeneration system is analyzed in this paper. The system is interconnected to the electric utility grid, both to receive electricity and to deliver surplus electricity. For any given demand required by the users, a great number of operating conditions are possible. A linear programming model provides the operational mode with the lowest variable cost. A thermoeconomic analysis, based on marginal production costs, is used to obtain unit costs for internal energy flows and final products as well as to explain the best operational strategy as a function of the demand for energy services and the prices of the resources consumed.
Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
References: [7] TRIGEMED. Promotion of tri-generation technologies in the tertiary sector in Mediterranean countries, Survey Report, SAVE Project, 2003 [14] Petchers N. Combined heating, cooling and power handbook, Fairmont, 2003. Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, Krakow, 2008. energy systems. In: Proceedings of FLOWERS´ 94, Florence, Italy, July 6–8, 1994, pp