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Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary

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Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary
The dictionary definition of anthropology is the science of human beings; especially the study of human beings and their ancestors in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture. However, there is more to it—an anthropologist looks for connections between different cultures and their development. These connections are found by looking for specific patterns of behavior and thinking that are shared, called Cultural Universals. The four types of Cultural Universals are communication, values, physical objects, and ideals and religion.

The novels Malcolm X: By Any Means Possible, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, and A Tugging String illustrated their main topics and themes through shared cultural universals.

In the book Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary, written by Walter Dean Myers, the cultural universal of values was used frequently.

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“‘One must have the inner determination to resist what conscience tells him is evil with all of the strength...he can muster,’” (Greenberg 109). He is saying that one must do what he believes to be morally right, and must not waver. Another Cultural Universal is that of communication. “‘Look,’ I heard Josiah say, ‘they’re talking about Dad on TV’...Grandma, clearly not grasping the situation, said, ‘See, I told you he was famous,’” (Greenberg 120). In her eyes, there is a direct association between television and fame. If someone is on television, then they must be famous. This shows communication in that if something is communicated through the television, people were more likely to believe it because they thought that anyone on TV was famous, so they would listen. Another example of communication is a character communicating through actions. “Dorothy...walked directly up to the…whites side of the counter...The clerk was aghast,” (Greenberg 141). In this case, she communicated more efficiently than if she tried to reason with the

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