In the 1970's two court cases were being held in the supreme court about cruel and unusual punishment. Ingraham Vs. Wright (1977) and Gregg Vs. Georgia (1976). I choose to compare these because they both favored common good instead of individual rights and had a lot of similar aspects of their trials. During these Supreme Court cases Gregg Vs. Georgia showed more balance between the promoting the common good and protecting the individual rights than Ingraham Vs. Wright showed in 1977.…
William Henry Furman was was attempting a burglary in a home when he was discovered by the residents. He attempted to flee, and in doing so, he tripped and fell. His firearm discharged and killed a resident of the household. In the police report, he had said that he had turned and blindly fired while fleeing. Regardless of which of the two are true, Furman was found guilty of murder and was eligible for the death penalty under the-extant state law.…
Also issues on Constitutionality- court declared this act as unconstitutional, holding that the fourteenth amendment gave congress the power to outlaw discrimination by states, but not by private individuals.…
Plessy V. Ferguson- Topics 1. An Eventful Ride 2. Free Colored People 3.…
The national alarms were sound when the death of two Caucasian men occurred. President Johnson had just passed the 1964 Civil Right Act through the Senate seven-day prior. The study would have been damaging to his reputation if he would have rejected acting passionately. He protested he was not another Southern politician. The murderers developed a 44 day investigation until bodies were discovered. The discovered of the bodies created a trial by jury and multiple guilty verdicts; Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price and Imperial Wizard Sam Bowers, and seven other were found guilty. The seven guilty men were granted less serve sentenced. The haughtiness crime was viewed as a “bandwagon” for national attention and the movement to establish the 1965 Voting Right Act. The victim families members decided to continue with the fight to establish the 1965 Voting Right Act. The successful prosecution of a Civil Right case in Mississippi led to the establishment of the 1965 Voting Right Act because of the nefarious act in 1964 to the Mississippi Summer Project Members. The FBI information was enough “Probable Cause” to launch massive investigation of about 15 suspects and the guilty verdict for nine Caucasian suspects. The media coverage generated from the Mississippi Summer Project murders launched a nationwide fight against…
As you may know there are many people enraged about the decision that was made with the case of Brock Turner. Riots and other violent methods have been used to get certain points across; and I believe the best way to appropriately get points across with you is writing a letter. There have been accusations made claiming it was a case of male and class privilege. Was the six-month confinement in a county jail and three years of probation enough for the crime that Brock Turner committed? I understand that sanctions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but sexual assault is something to be taken very seriously no matter the outcome of the situation, in this situation hurting the athlete’s reputation…
Dred Scott vs Sanford was a very important political case and was one of the first case towards equal rights for everybody. Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri and he sued the state of Missouri for his freedom. In this time Missouri was a free state and therefore he stated that he could be free from slavery. Although he was free, the state of Missouri considered him property and could not be taken away from his owner. Not to mention Minorities in this time we're not considered citizens and couldn't have freedom if they were a slave.…
In “The Petitioner’s Brief in Sweatt v. Painter, 1950”, the document explained the NAACP arguments as they were before the Supreme Court. Essentially, it explored three arguments that the NAACP would later employ in future cases regarding segregation. Reprinted within Waldo E. Martin Jr.’s, “Brown v. Board of Education: A Brief History with Documents”, it offers key insight into the arguments the NAACP used in the Supreme Court. The first argument relates to whether schools established for Blacks fulfills the Equal Protection Clause. The NAACP lawyers made a distinction as they realized that many states in the country do not have the issue of racial segregation in schools. The lawyers referenced a report from the President’s Commission on Higher…
The Supreme Court case of Gregg V. Georgia dealt with administrative law, which is the legal field that regulates the due process clause in the Constitution. The clause is about the Government having the obligations to respect and uphold the legal rights of American people during and after they are arrested. Troy Leon Gregg and other inmates on death row believed that the death sentence was in direct violation of the 8th and 14th Amendments, which dealt with cruel and unusual punishment and that states must require due process. Gregg was found guilty for armed robbery, and the murders of two men in 1973. From that the Supreme Court had accepted his death sentence for the charges of murder and not of armed robbery thus being the first man in…
That summer, the African American community of Baton Rouge set the tone of the modern civil rights movement. Years before the Supreme Court’s landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision, and the significant protest in Montgomery led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Rosa Parks, leaders of the Baton Rouge Black community stood up for racial equality. In March of 1953, Black leaders in Baton Rouge were successful in having the City Council pass Ordinance 222, which permitted them to be seated on a first-come-first-served basis.…
Eugene “Bull” Connor, Police Commissioner of Safety of Birmingham, Alabama, clearly failed in his own hate-driven campaign against desegregation. Coupled with this failure to extinguish a handful of peaceful protest marches, Bull Connor also failed to appropriate the South’s senselessly racist worldviews with that of the sensible reactionary precautions that would be more relatable to the mainstream media. Bull’s disregard for context and lacking desire to find a progressive solution to the problem exposed the weak-mindedness of those moderates in Birmingham calling for sympathy from the country. Subsequently, Eugene Connor became the catalyst for situational understanding in the region. The media’s freedom during these events allowed a narrative that reflected true human morality and the juxtaposition of tenured human beings with peaceful resistance training involved in positive civil rights reform and the dog-wielding, fire hose-wielding, power-wielding police force gave way for ethical reflection. Quite obviously, in hindsight, Eugene “Bull” Connor’s crusade on Birmingham’s weakest population seemed, to the national public, an atrocity conveying the true instability of desegregation. To characterize his response as anything but listlessly immoral would give credence to an unthinking way of living in which one’s own values have no basis in reality and therefore no respectable place in modern society. One could say Eugene “Bull” Connor was simply following the laws promoting segregation in his state and that that was just but, to the contrary, he was not. Eugene Connor and his police force weren’t even just in the eyes of the law. Eugene and the segregation laws he upheld were not protected by the Supreme Court. In the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case segregation in public schools was deemed unequal and unconstitutional. Eugene’s regime for keeping Alabama segregated went against the Supremacy Clause. This allowed his…
There is disagreement over the constitution’s protection of the rights of minority populations (such as African-Americans) in the past. Some would argue that despite the 15th Amendment (signed in 1870) granting the right to all Americans to vote regardless of race or colour, African-Americans continued to be discriminated against for nearly a hundred years. Indeed some polling stations used literacy tests to discriminate against African-Americans up until the 1960s – giving…
The case of brown v. board of education was one of the biggest turning points for African Americans to becoming accepted into white society at the time. Brown vs. Board of education to this day remains one of, if not the most important cases that African Americans have brought to the surface for the better of the United States. Brown v. Board of Education was not simply about children and education (Silent Covenants pg 11); it was about being equal in a society that claims African Americans were treated equal, when in fact they were definitely not. This case was the starting point for many Americans to realize that separate but equal did not work. The separate but equal label did not make sense either, the circumstances were clearly not separate but equal. Brown v. Board of Education brought this out, this case was the reason that blacks and whites no longer have separate restrooms and water fountains, this was the case that truly destroyed the saying separate but equal, Brown vs. Board of education truly made everyone equal.…
Not being able to fairly vote was one of the last unfair tribulations they faced, and finally it was coming to an end. States got away with administering tests designed only to prevent African Americans from not being able to vote. Participating in the electoral process has a big influence on how the country would be ran for generations to come, and some feared that change was the enemy. Groups such as the Ku Klux Klan were violent protesters who would harass and execute them on the sole purpose of fearing that change. On March 7,1965 state troopers unprovokingly attacked peaceful protesters on their way to the state Capitol in Montgomery. This was soon brought to the attention the television and people all over America were angered by the violence, persuading president Lyndon B. Johnson to take a stand. Five days later, he introduced to Congress the idea of a Voting Rights Act in what is considered to be one of his best…
Before this act was passed there was a large history of voting and racial related discrimination. Before the Civil War the United States Constitution did not provide specific protections for voting. Qualifications for voting were matters which neither the Constitution nor federal laws governed. At that time, although a few northern states permitted a small number of free black men to register and vote, slavery and restrictive state laws and practices led the franchise.…