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Film
10/4/2012

Learning Objectives:
Japanese Cinema: Its Stakeholders
Lecturer: Yow Chong Lee Email: clyow@faca.unimas.my
• To illustrate the effects of the interplay (interference) of the state and the capitalist system on Japanese film industry. • To explain the causes and effects of such interferences:
– The ways films are produced, distributed and exhibited – Type of films allowed, – Regulation and censorship,

The Arrival of Sound Cinema in Japan
• Sound cinema arrived comparatively late in Japan. WHY? • 1st sound film: Heinosuke Gosho’s My Neighbour’s Wife & Mine (1931).
The Only Son (1936)

The WWII and Its Effects on Japanese Cinema
• Japanese government hooped on expansionist project in the 1930s – 40s. • The film industry was unavoidably put under surveillance by the government & the military. • A law was enacted to harness films as propaganda tool.

• Even Ozu resisted using sound until 1936.

The Do and Don’t: During WWII
Restriction on Film Industry

The Two Most Popular Genres (since 1920s)
Why NO Jidai-geki films?

Japanese Genres

Do

Don’t

Jidai-geki

Gendai-geki
Films about contemporary life

Patriotic Films & Safe genres

Jidai-geki Film (esp. Chambara films)

Period Films

Ex: Chambara films

Ex: Shomingeki

1

10/4/2012

Major Japanese Film Companies & Their Focus
Film Companies
Shochik u

Japanese Cinema: Tradition of Boom & Bust

Boom
Toho ShinToho
Military subjects laden with ultra conservative overtune s

Bust
WHY?
Many film companies (studios) closed/ went bankrupt (in 60s)

Nikkatsu

Daiei

Toei

In 1950s - Golden Age of Business Prosperity

Taiyozoku (suntribe)

Art-films (Rashomo n& Ugetsu) & seiten (sex series) for teenagers

Make melodra ma (shomingeki) to aim at female audience

Adapt Jidai-geki to suit children & teenagers

Comedy series to target whitecollar market

Theatres tripled to the prewar no. (to ≈ 7400 cinemas)

Theatres were reduced to 2000
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