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1)
The Silk Road was a trade route connecting a) b) c) d) e) China and the Middle East. China and Japan. India and Central Asia. Russia and Indonesia. India and the Mediterranean. 6)
b) c) d) e)
a multilingual and multiethnic group. from many lands, but all were Muslim.
c)
people usually retained very strong ties with their homeland. sailors were hired from many regional cultures. Greek citizenship was granted to anyone trading in the Indian Ocean.
d) all Africans from the Sub-Saharan region e) almost exclusively of Indian background.
The Indian Ocean maritime system forged economic and social ties between a) East African, Arabia, India, China, and Southeast Asia. Morocco, Arabia, and the Mediterranean Sea. Russia, India, and China.
10) How has the geography of the Sahara changed over 2500 years? a) b) The region was unknown 2500 years ago. The region was dry before, got wetter for 1000 years, and then got dry again. The region has become wetter. Very little. The region has been drying out.
2)
The initial key to opening the Silk Road was the b) a) availability of new medicines to combat foreign diseases. absence of any organized state along the route. enormous European demand for silk. presence of a large and stable military force. Chinese eagerness for Western horses. 7) c) d) e)
c) b) c) d) e) 3) China, Japan, and the Philippines. d) Greece, Turkey, Arabia, and Persia. e) The importance of the monsoon was that a) b) c) a) b) c) d) e) 4) slaves, mahogany, and plums. d) cotton, yams, and bananas. e) camphor, lamps, and rugs. 8) silk, pottery, spices, and paper. timber, ivory, and myrrh. One difference between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring was that a) b) c) d) e) Indian Ocean ships were not as solidly built. Mediterranean seamen rarely sailed far from shore. Mediterranean ships relied on lateen sails. Indian Ocean traders usually established colonies. Mediterranean seamen were interested only in economic gains. e) it facilitated the spread of disease. d) it prevented the colonization of sub-Saharan Africa. c) it prevented the navigation of the Indian Ocean. it facilitated sailing across the Indian Ocean. it caused huge droughts in India and China.
11) The most convincing evidence indicates that camels were introduced to the Sahara from a) b) West Africa. North Africa and the Mediterranean coast. Arabia. India, via the Indian Ocean trade. they used camels indigenous to the area.
Among the products that China exported along the Silk Road were
12) The agricultural area bordering the desert is called the Sahel, which in Arabic literally means a) b) c) d) e) almost-desert. dry pastureland. prairie and plains. a lush paradise. the coast.
What military technologies did the Silk Road spread? a) b) c) d) e) chariot warfare, mounted bowman, stirrup chariots, Greek fire, gunpowder the field hospital, the broadsword, and poison arrow the war elephant, hardtack, and Arabian horses 9) the lance, chain mail, and gunpowder
Indian Ocean society could be described as bicultural because a) b) the trade routes attracted Mediterranean peoples.
13) Which of the following is not an example of a broad common element underlying African life and culture? a) fixed social categories cultivation by hoe and digging stick
5)
The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were a) primarily Arabic and Persian.
sailors often married women in port cities. b)
c) d) e)
distinctive characteristics in African music a common language
d)
the Arab world should focus on developing the Middle East. the enslavement of the Christians was heresy.
22) Meccan leaders felt threatened by Muhammad’s popularity and threatened his followers. This led to Muhammad fleeing Mecca; his flight was known as the a) hijra. shaitan. mobad. jinn. jihad.
e) concepts of kingship
14) Sub-Saharan Africa’s cultural unity emanated from a) b) c) d) e) peoples from the Arabian Peninsula. people from South Africa. the Indian Ocean Trading Basin. people who once occupied the sub Saharan region. Egypt.
18) What are the names of the two sects of Islam that resulted from the division of the Muslim community? a) b) c) d) e) Sunni and Shi’a Sunni and Ka’ba Zoroastrian and Carmelite Sunni and Mobad Shi’a and Mobad
b) c) d) e)
23) After Muhammad’s death, the Muslim community a) b) chose a caliph, Abu Bakr. searched the entire peninsula for a suitable successor, according to Muhammad’s last instructions. embraced his wife, Khadija, as his successor. abandoned the orthodox teachings of Islam. held general elections to replace Muhammad.
15) Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called a) b) c) d) e) Semitic.
19) Muhammad conceived Islam after a) b) many years of religious study in the mosque.
c) experiencing revelations. d) c) being possessed by a shaitan. e) d) reading the Bible.
Niger-Kongo. Swahili. Bantu. e) Sudanese-Zulu. 20) Muslim means dreaming about Ishmael from the Old Testament.
24) Muslim religious practice is based on the a) b) a) b) c) d) e) first followers. c) Five Pillars. Three Goals to Salvation. Four Noble Truths. chosen for purity. d) the one true religion. e) holy people. one who makes submission. 25) According to the chapter, how does the Quran differ from the Bible? a) b) c) d) e) It contains the words of Muhammad only. It contains the words of Jesus and Muhammad. It contains the words of Jesus only. It contains the unalterable word of God. It contains the words of the umma. Ten Commandments. Eightfold Path.
16) The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion? a) b) c) d) e) Buddhism Shinto Judaism Jainism Sikhism
21) Islam means a) b) the Chosen People. the one true religion. surrender to the will of God. the true belief. leader of God’s people.
17) The division of the Muslim community grew because some believed that a) Ali was the legitimate religious leader after Muhammad. Allah was the only god. there should be no separation between church and state.
c) d) e)
b) c)
26) Muslims who believe that the first three caliphs were
properly selected are called 30) Why is the Abbasid rule considered a “golden age?” a) b) c) d) e) Sunnis. a) Muslims. Muhammadists. Shi’ites. c) Shaitan. d) It is marked by the rule of the “golden” monarch, Abu Bakr. It used gold as the standard coinage throughout the empire. The Spanish region was considered the golden frontier. b) It used the golden cow as the focus of religious worship. It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad.
d) e)
Buyid family of northern Iran. Umayyad family of Damascus.
34) Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the a) b) Viking invasions of the ninth century. blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions. growing influence of Russian and Frankish traditions in Spain. blending of Islam with Roman traditions and Visogoth culture. decrease in Arab power combined with a growing Christian influence.
27) Which of the following areas was not brought under Muslim control under the leadership of the caliphs? a) b) c) d) e) Spain Egypt and North Africa Eastern Europe
c)
e)
d)
31) Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because of the a) empire’s becoming too big to rule effectively.
e)
the Indus Valley b) Syria c) d) development of new religious practices that challenged the appeal of Islam. resistance to nomadic pressures on the frontier.
35) Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain a) passed laws ensuring the ascension of Jews to the Spanish throne. experienced a diaspora to Eastern Europe. contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers. were frequently arrested and persecuted. experienced enormous discrimination.
28) Which of the following statements is not true about Arab armies in their empire? a) b) They were compelled to live in military camps. They had little or no contact with the conquered population. They were not interested in converting the conquered non-Muslim population. They were a small ruling minority.
b) constant revolts of non-Muslims against forced conversion. frequent religious wars between the Sunnis and Shias. d) 32) The caliphs acquired a standing army of Turkish mercenaries called a) Mongols. Shias. Sunnis. mamluks. mobads. e) c)
e)
c)
36) The ulama were a) b) c) d) e) rural leaders. religious scholars. outcasts. a hired foreign military force. government officials.
d) e)
b) They wanted to convert as many people as possible to Islam. c) d) e)
29) The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to a) b) lack of a competent heir. growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims who demanded access to political power. scandals involving the morality of the caliphs. a peasant revolt over increases in taxes and decreases in wages. the arrival of a Jewish messiah.
33) After failing to reform their government and military, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of the a) b) c) Suarez family of Spain. Husan family of Medina. Ali family of Cairo.
c) d)
37) Which of the following statements is not true about the rule of the Seljuk Empire? a) b) Mesopotamia grew in population and influence. They ruled the Middle East during the First Crusade.
e)
c)
Seljuk leaders didn’t get involved in internal religious fighting. Irrigation and canal systems fell into disrepair during their rule. Cities shrank and lost population during their rule.
c) d)
They often played a role in public life. d) They were permitted to own property. e) They were permitted to practice birth control. Unlike in the West, they suffered no challenges to Church orthodoxy or organization. They continued the pattern of Roman rule.
d)
e)
e)
42) Sufism was significant in being a(n) a) b) c) rejection of religious formalism.
46) By the end of the twelfth century, the Byzantine Empire had lost a great deal of territory to a) the Parthian Empire of Persia. Muslim invaders from the Arabian peninsula. Turkic armies from the Central Asian steppes. the Mughal Empire of Afghanistan. Roman Catholic crusaders from the West.
38) The great vision of the shari’a is an umma with a) common moral values, minimizing ethnic, and politic divisions. a separate identity from Christians.
new doctrine that excluded the lower classes. b) attempt to convert more women to Islam. c) quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training. blending of Christian and Buddhist ideas into Islam.
b) c) d) e)
d) a common history and literary base. a common monetary system and central taxation. all members living in a unified, homogeneous Muslim state. e)
d) e)
43) Which of the following was not occurring in Europe by the year 1200? a) b) c) Western Europe was demonstrating military strength. Byzantium was showing military weakness. Muslim invaders were making serious inroads into Western Europe. Byzantium was in decline.
47) Among Byzantine cultural achievements is/are a) their shipbuilding and epics about the wars of the Mediterranean Sea. their architectural tradition and cyrillic writing. their prominence in preserving Greek and Roman texts. their revival of the Olympic games. their traditional music and dance.
39) What is the hadith? a) b) c) d) e) a fashionable Syrian textile style a collection of Muhammad’s words and deeds a style of Persian miniature paintings
b) c) d)
d) a collection of Persian poems e) a collection of Muslim writings during the Crusades
e) Western Europe was showing new vitality.
40) Conversion to Islam was primarily a result of a) b) c) d) e) a desire to escape taxes on non-Muslims. gradually learning about Islam. a way to escape certain death. the lack of a pre-existing religious system. dissatisfaction with Christianity.
44) Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were a) b) c) d) e) formal divisions over differences in doctrine.
48) In general, which of the following did not occur during Europe’s transformation at the decline of Roman authority? a) b) There was increasing political fragmentation. The city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman Church. The population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs. Roman traditions were replaced with family-based German traditions. A legal framework disappeared.
disagreements between kings and church leaders. arguments between local priests and the pope. disputes between bishops concerning church lands. d) disagreements between priests and lay followers. e) c)
41) Which of the following statements about Muslim women is not true? a) They adopted the Byzantine and Sasanid custom of veiling. They were permitted to divorce.
45) How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts? a) b) They were mostly pagans. They dominated trade in the Mediterranean. They were a completely secular society.
49) After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire a) b) reasserted Roman rule. fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms.
b)
c)
d) c) d) e) became known as the Byzantine Empire. e) fell under the control of Constantine. had no powerful rulers or authority.
owned and controlled by the church. d) self-sufficient farming estates known as manors. e) was restricted to those with hereditary titles. was taught to all citizens.
54) Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were a) b) bailiffs. mobads. satraps. sheriffs. serfs.
58) A feudum, or fief, was a) b) c) d) e) any small and independent kingdom. any estate governed by a hereditary lord. a Germanic peasant. a grant of land exchanged for military service. a small nonhereditary manor.
50) The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in the development of linguistic zones of a) b) c) d) e) Indo-European, Latin, and Asian languages.
c) Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages. d) Latin, Greek, and English languages. e) Germanic, Semitic, and Celtic dialects. Latin, Germanic, and Afro-Asian languages.
55) Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as “feudal” an oversimplification? a) The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region. Feudalism didn’t begin until 1300.
59) Which of the following is not one of the ways that medieval noblewomen participated in feudal society? a) b) They could own and inherit property. They were viewed as valued property by their families. They often ran their husband’s estates. They became enmeshed in the tangle of feudal obligations. They could choose their own marriage partners.
51) In what year did Charles Martel stop the Muslim’s most advanced raiding party in Tours, France? a) b) c) d) e) 610 732 800
b) c)
c) Scholars now know that “feudalism” as such never really existed. The social structure of the Germanic peoples emphasized loyalty to the pope. Most of the old Roman system continued, particularly in France. d)
d) 929 1066 e)
e)
52) What Scandinavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland? a) b) c) d) e) Muslims
60) After the 10th century the Roman Catholic Church faced all of the following challenges except a) residual pagan practices such as the worship of rivers, trees, and mountains. shortages of trained clergy. disagreements over Church regulations. getting the office of pope more acknowledged internationally. continued infractions of the rules against clergy marrying.
56) Which of the following is not associated with the rise of the mounted warrior as the paramount force on the battlefield? a) the creation of a hereditary nobility technological improvements such as the stirrup the development of armor for horses and knights a poor peasantry and serfdom the breeding of small, grain-fed fighting horses
Franks b) Visigoths c) Vikings d) Ostrogoths e)
b) c) d)
e)
53) The primary centers for agricultural production were 57) As time went on, armored knighthood a) b) c) communal property under village control. a) scattered farms owned by the regional nobility. b) small farms owned by those who worked on them. c) continued only in areas with a free peasantry. was limited to those with revenue from land. required permission of the king and the church.
61) The term investiture controversy refers to the a) b) amount of power local priests were allowed. struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments.
c) d) e)
conflict over choosing new popes. issue of whether a noble could marry a commoner. debate over how to invest Church funds.
c) d) e)
mining. land holding
a)
original thought-provoking works by Arab and Iranian writers pasta, paper, and refined sugar Access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle, heretofore unknown in Western Europe hard soap and colored glass Arabic translations of ancient Greek science and philosophy
b) trade. c) 62) Which of the following were not generally among the responsibilities of monasteries and convents? a) providing refuge for widows and abandoned women and children providing a place for contemplation and the religious life. planting Christianity in new lands d) d) e) scientific experimentation and inquiry servicing the needs of travelers e) the abolition of the death penalty for debtors across Europe. the Christian Crusades. c) 63) Which of the following were not practices connected with monasticism? a) b) c) d) celibacy and obedience. poverty. continual devotion to prayer. c) living in society to spread good influence and performing sacraments d) e) living apart from society. e) 64) The most important impact of monasticism was its contribution of a) b) c) d) e) educating children. communal living and prayer. b) the new hierarchy it imposed on the church. a religious warrior class. converting populations and preserving ancient works. c) d) Economic forces such as the desire to increase trade and land hunger were contributing factors. They were a series of religiously inspired campaigns. The Pope promised atonement from sins for the Crusaders. The Crusades were successful. They controlled extensive agricultural lands. d) 68) Which of the following is not true about the Crusades? e) a) Prior to the Crusades, Muslim leaders generally protected Christian pilgrims. They passed laws making serfs free once they came to the city. They had more abundant coinage. c) a) b) 67) Which of the following is not responsible for the success of many cities in Italy and Flanders? a) b) They specialized in trade and manufacturing. They were independent rather than controlled by feudal lords. d) e) a) b) 66) During the revival of Western Europe (1000-1200), the population nearly doubled because of a) b) b) c) the introduction of rice (from Arab lands) to the diet. papal edicts to encourage increased birth rates. technological innovations such as a new type of plow and efficient draft harnesses for pulling wagons. d) e)
70) Which empire reunited China in the sixth century? Mongol Sui Ming Tang Qin
c)
71) To facilitate communication and trade between North China and South China, the Sui built the Trans China Relay System. Great Wall. Yangtze River Highway. Great Qin Highway. Grand Canal.
72) What was the political influence of Buddhism in the Tang Empire? a) b) It taught strict obedience to a hierarchy. It encouraged the leader to weld the people into a harmonious society. It taught them tolerance for all peoples. It taught oneness with nature. It taught that the king was descended from a god.
c) d) e)
65) In Kievan Russia, power derived from e) a) b) warfare. religion. 69) As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following except
73) The Tang Empire is considered “cosmopolitan” because
them? a) government fully supported artists, musicians, and dancers. it mixed styles, goods, and cultures from every part of Asia. there was social equality. d) d) e) public education was mandatory. e) the peasants were mandated to live in the cities. 78) The most serious rivals to the Tang Empire were the 74) Chang’an was important because it a) a) b) c) d) e) was the name of the Buddhist temple in Tibet. b) was the name of the last Tang emperor. c) was the source of smallpox. d) was the hub of Tang communications. e) was the Japanese capital. 79) The original Turkish homeland is 75) The tributary system was a practice in which a) a) the emperor traveled to foreign countries to pledge his allegiance to them. the emperor made an annual trip down the Grand Canal. the emperor made a pilgrimage to please the gods and the ancient ancestors. countries acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese emperor. China built new canals for transportation and irrigation. b) c) d) e) d) Greece Persia Vikings and the Huns. Arabs and Japan. Mongols and the Berbers. Uigurs and Tibet. Russians and Korea. the game of polo the popularity of pants a) b) c) c) cotton replaced hemp as the most popular textile gunpowder grape wine, sugar, and spices
a) b) c) d) e)
Confucians Muslims Christians Buddhists Daoists
b)
82) After the decline of the Tang Empire, the states that emerged were a) b) c) d) e) Qin, Han, and Yuan. Liao, Song, and Tanggut. Mongolia, Manchuri,a and Koryo. Turkmenistan, Guanjo, and Siam. Jurchen, Manchuria, and Siberia.
83) Which are important technological innovations of the Song Empire? a) stern-mounted rudder, high-quality steel, and gunpowder silk, the saddle, and printing press battering ram, chariot, and lateen sail clock, paper, and the cure for the Plague astrolabe, horse collar, and the crossbow
b) b) c) Anatolia c) Northern Mongolia d) Korea e) 80) The decline of the Tang Empire occurred when a) the Yellow River flooded and destroyed all of the good farmland. the Grand Canal silted up and the government couldn’t afford to dredge it. political decay and military decline undermined the social order. plague swept the capital. e) e) e) compasses and large oceangoing ships. 81) Who did the Tang blame most for growing instability in the Empire? earthquakes and tidal waves destroyed coastal cities.
e)
84) Which of the following cannot be said about Zhu Xi’s NeoConfucianism? a) The ideal human is the sage. The ideal human is the warrior. It emphasizes individual moral and social responsibility It asserts that man is naturally good It developed as a reaction to many centuries of Buddhist and Daoist intellectual dominance.
76) Chinese maritime innovations included b) a) b) c) d) carrier pigeons and cannon. lateen sails and astrolabes. gunboats and maps. d) the bulwark and jute rope. c)
b) c) d)
77) Of the many things that Central Asia and the Islamic world introduced to China which of the following was not among
85) Some Buddhists drew upon Indian and Tibetan folk practice and created a meditative practice known as
a) b) c) d) e)
Chan or Zen Buddhism. e) kung fu. pranayama. yoga. Ju Duo. 89) During the Song period, women experienced subordination and social restriction epitomized by a) b) c) d) loss of custody of their children after divorce. a decrease in voting rights. veiling. d) widow-burning. e) e) footbinding. 94) The great gift of Champa to Song China was As Confucian gentlemen, it was below them. They had no choice, the warriors were too powerful. “xinming.” 93) Why did the Fujiwara family of Heian Japan choose to entrust responsibility for local government to their warriors? a) b) c) They did not have enough power to do it themselves. They preferred aesthetic pursuits. They spent too much time learning Buddhism and praying.
86) By instituting civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy, the Song a) severely limited its ability to get competent civil servants. tried to limit the number of civil servants. recruited the most talented men for government service. drove the most talented people out of the country. ensured that only the wealthy elite would retain positions of power.
b) c) d) e)
90) Confucianism spread to East Asia with the spread of a) a) b) c) d) the Chinese writing system. b) the Mongols. c) the bubonic plague. d) Daoism. e) e) the slavery. 95) The Mongol leader, the khan, 91) Which of the following Chinese customs did the Japanese choose not to implement? a) Japan implemented Confucian legal code. Japan showed a strong interest in the study of Buddhism. Japan built walls around its cities for protection. e) d) e) Japan mastered Chinese architectural styles. 96) What was the role of Mongol women in politics? Japan implemented Confucian-style central government. deferred to the Mongol Parliament. a) b) c) d) c) had his decisions ratified by a council. was a figurehead only. had absolute power in decision making. had no power to make decisions but retained a veto. metered poetry. tea. nutritious lentils. poisonous projectiles. quick-ripening rice.
87) Which of the following did not occur in China due to the development of movable type and the availability of printed material? a) It led to the adaptation of iron plows and rakes for wetrice cultivation. It gave people access to information of planting and irrigation. It spread information on how to prevent disease. It furthered the development of new agricultural land in the south. It helped spread subversive ideas and caused a number of rebellions—just as printing would in the West in the 16th century.
b)
b)
c) d)
e)
a) b)
Women chose the location for future military assaults. Women from prestigious families were often powerful in negotiation and management. The word khan means “queen” as the ruler was a woman appointed from an elite family. Women played no role in politics. Only women sat on the council.
92) Japanese emperors 88) The Song system of credit was based on guarantees that paper money could be redeemed for coinage. This was called a) b) c) d) “flying money.” “paper tiger.” “dollar dragon.” “mercantilism.” a) b) c) d) e) came from constantly changing lineages.
c) required the Mandate of Heaven to maintain power. maintained tight political control. were never female. seldom wielded any real political power. d) e)
97) The religion of the Central Asian nomads was
a) b) c) d) e)
atheistic. a diverse mixture of various religions. strict monotheism.
c) d)
created a flow of disease via the trade routes. prevented the spread of knowledge between Europe and the Middle East. brought Islam to Western Europe.
c) d) e)
Riazan Moscow Novgorod
e) limited to shamanism. worship of the divine khan.
106) Mongol armies often consisted of 102) The conflict between Il-khan and the Golden Horde originated in a) b) philosophical differences. economic differences. religious differences. political differences. cultural differences. a) b) c) d) e) ethnic Mongols only. Uighurs only Chinese mercenaries. a multinational force with Mongol leaders. both male and female soldiers.
98) Which of the following was not one of the techniques employed by the Mongols to defeat the armies they faced? a) b) c) d) e) diplomacy
c) mass slaughter and starvation under siege d) superior bows and horsemanship e) flaming arrows and catapults
107) Which of the following did the Europeans not learn about from the Mongols? a) porcelain gunpowder and high temperature metallurgy diplomatic passports coal mining and higher mathematics movable type and bronze cannons
103) Tax farming is intimidation a) 99) Why did the Mongols refrain from attacking central Europe in 1241? a) b) c) d) e) the conversion of the Great Khan to Buddhism the death of the Great Khan d) the conversion of the Great Khan to Christianity the alliance with Pope Urban VII the conversion of the Great Khan to Islam e) the sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations. the growth of a new cash crop. e) b) c) taxes paid solely by farmers. b) the exemption granted to farmers from taxation. c) the raising of crops on government land to pay for government expenses. d)
108) In 1453, the Ottomans conquered which important Christian city? a) b) c) d) e) Budapest Kiev Paris Constantinople Vienna
104) How did Mongol control impact Russia’s Orthodox church? a) b) c) They were granted great privileges. They converted to its practices. They modified their practices to include the Roman Catholic eucharist. They ignored it. They destroyed it.
100) Narratives such as Marco Polo’s created a European a) b) c) d) e) isolationist mentality. aversion to all things from Asia. fear of Mongol contact.
d) ambition to find easier routes to Asia. e) image of Mongol poverty.
109) Why didn’t China as we think of it today exist before the Mongols? a) b) The Mongols completely destroyed it and rebuilt it. The Chinese government system was invented by the Mongols. The Mongols reunited China permanently.
101) The Mongol expansion a) b) created a negative stereotype about any foreign traveler. inspired censorship of writing and creativity.
105) Which city became Russia’s dominant political center under the Mongols? a) b) Kiev Smolensk
c)
e) d) The Mongols brought silk and porcelain production to China. The Mongols built the Great Wall. 114) Which of the following is not one of the aspects of Mongol rule that created hardship and a sharp population decrease? a) b) c) female infanticide bubonic plague. their insistence that the Chinese practice agriculture rather than trade. warfare. e) e) d) e) Chinese administrators. Mongol administrators. 115) The Mongols encouraged the sharing and exchange of all of the following except for a) b) a) b) c) d) e) merchants. c) nobility. d) priests. e) artisans. farmers. 116) In 1368, the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the a) b) c) d) e) Yi Kingdom. Tang Empire. a) b) c) d) e) laws protecting banks and moneylenders. no leadership to improve the situation. tax rebates to the rich. paper money and copper coins. Ming Empire. Song Empire. Manchu Empire. b) c) d) e) a) a) b) c) d) e) the increasing influence of Mandarin. an interest in trade for the first time in China. the rise of a class of educated holy men. improved nutrition of the urban population. d) the decline of the prestige of the warrior class. formed close ties with the Manchu instead. c) b) c) severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners. marched all the Mongols to the Korean border. changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese. e) engineering. astronomy and science. d) Confucianism. c) medical information. mathematics. b) migration and flooding of the Yellow River.
built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols.
118) Zheng He’s primary accomplishment was a) b) c) d) converting barbarians to Islam. bringing wealth to China. discovering the Philippines. acquiring Ming tributary states. discovering new lands in the East.
e)
110) The Yuan tax administration relied on a) b) c) Muslim administrators. Persian, Arab, and Uighur administrators.
d) Korean administrators.
119) Why didn’t Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain? a) The Japanese merchants undercut the market and stole China’s trading partners. The emperor feared outside contacts and influence. The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring. The merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets. The peasantry was a strong voting lobby and refused to support it.
111) Much to the distress of the Confucians, the Mongols elevated the status of the
112) To solve the problem of credit, the Mongols provided a) government bonds.
120) The Chinese rigorously censored information to foreigners because they wanted to protect scientists and inventors before the advent of patents. feared a “brain drain.” feared the rise of rival political parties. feared technology transfer. wanted to limit the development of the economy to within a certain range.
117) To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperor
113) One impact of the rise of cities under Mongol rule was
121) The Ming produced one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia, a) b) green or ginseng ink. teakwood clocks. wool.
d) e)
lightweight cannon. porcelain.
b) c) d) e)
wisdom of the gods. suicide. wind of the gods. triumphant death.
c) d) e)
rice, kiwi, and manioc. tea, spelt, and barley. corn, beans, and squash.
122) The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family, and the Mongols was that a) the Koryo family revolted against the Mongols and expelled them from Korea. the Koryo family became attached and loyal to the Mongols. the Mongols considered the Koryo family and all Koreans “barbarians.” of parents and children, with the Koryo family as the parents. they were mutually hostile.
130) Africa exported large quantities of what mineral across the Sahara, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean? a) b) c) d) e) copper platinum iron bronze silver
126) What well-traveled Muslim scholar left a journal that has become a valuable historical source? a) b) c) King Sumanguru Edward Said Abu Bakr Ibn Battuta Mansa Musa
b)
c)
d)
d) e)
e)
131) The spread of Islam to lands south of the Sahara came about through a) b) c) forced conversion. a gradual and peaceful process of conversion. the missionary efforts of the Arabs during the Umayyad Caliphate. war. the travels of Ibn Battuta.
123) What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan? a) b) The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess.
127) The tropics are warm all year-round. The center of the tropical zone is marked by the a) gulf stream. polar caps. equator.
Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology. The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base. A storm prevented them from establishing a base.
b) c) d)
c)
d) Sahara Desert. e) e) none of these
d) e)
The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing. 128) The rainy and dry seasons in the Indian Ocean reflect the influence of a) b) c) d) the jet stream. the Himalayas. “El Niño.” the gulf stream. the monsoons.
132) In addition to fulfilling his personal religious obligations, Mansa Kankan Musa’s pilgrimage resulted in the a) construction of new mosques and Quranic schools in Mali. disappearance of Buddhist practice in Mali. contraction of the Malian economy. decrease in Malian taxes. conversion of all Malians to Islam.
124) How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan? a) b) c) Japan reinstated direct imperial rule. Japanese clans took political control of their regions. Japanese merchants lost huge sums of money in the Mongolian markets. Japanese monks were held hostage.
b) c) d) e)
d) e)
e) The Japanese military governments spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to consolidate the warrior class.
129) Human migrations spread many useful plants and animals around the tropics by 1200. These included a) b) bananas, yams, and coffee. wheat, millet, and barley.
133) The Turkish invaders successfully invaded India due to a) a desire to spread the Islamic faith and to acquire plunder. the division of India into small states.
125) Kamikaze means a) honorable death.
b)
b) c) d) the threats of Mongol Ilkhans. c) the prospect of learning Indian technology and mathematics. all of these d) e)
skow. c) galley. d) dhow. e) Mosques were off-limits to Africans. caravelle. 142) The spread of Islam between 1200 and 1500 encouraged all but the following: a) the parallel spread of Christianity. the study of Islamic law. the introduction of new technology like papermaking. the study of classical Greek scholarship in mathematics, medicine, and science. the study of Islamic theology, and administration. Mosques went in and out of fashion. Mosques were solely for religious worship.
e)
134) The Delhi Sultans controlled their empire in India by a) b) c) d) e) requiring all first born males to serve in the army.
138) The largest, most technologically advanced ship in the Indian Ocean was the Chinese a) caravel.
providing only loyal subjects with food and water. b) mass deportation. c) hiring janissaries to patrol the borders. d) terror and high taxes. e) junk. skow. galley. dhow.
b) c) d)
e)
135) Although the Delhi Sultanate had its problems, it did provide a a) b) c) d) e) new unifying religion in the form of Islam.
139) The different regional networks of the Indian Ocean trade were tied together by a) the threat of Chinese intrusion.
143) In India Islamic invasion practically a) b) caused Islam to become the dominant religion in India. destroyed all vestiges of Hinduism. destroyed the last strong holds of Buddhism. eliminated the caste system. paved the way for the unification under the British.
reliable and safe water supply to the region. b) safe haven for religious exiles to live. c) new irrigation system of qanats to the region. d) centralized political authority to India. e) a common language. \ 140) The city of Aden in Arabia was an excellent location for a) b) making salt. growing grain and a convenient stopover for traders from India. mining gold and selling camels. commercial interests. political authority. religious authority.
c) d) e)
136) Which of the following did not help to increase Indian Ocean trade between 1200 and 1500? a) b) the invention of the lateen sail and the compass construction of larger ships, making shipping cargo more profitable increased demand for luxury goods such as jewels, fine textiles, and precious metals the collapse of the Mongol Empire, which disrupted the overland trade routes rising prosperity of Asian, European, and African states, which stimulated expansion
144) The prosperity of the Asian and African kingdoms from 1200 to 1500 was accompanied by the a) b) c) rise of science in Asia. growth of Christianity. need for better transportation in Africa. growth of slavery. need for a bigger navy and merchant marine.
c)
c) d)
d) trading slaves, silk, jewels, and porcelain. e) e) the important Islamic religious shrines.
d)
145) The period from 1200 to 1500 is better known as Europe’s e) 141) Which of the following statements is/are true about the role the mosque played in Islamic society? a) b) Mosques were used only to educate boys. Mosques were centers of learning and promoted literacy. a) b) c) later Middle Ages. Last Age. Golden Age.
137) The characteristic ship of the Arabian Sea was the a) junk.
d) e)
Renaissance. Age of Reason. 150) Which of the following was not a social result of the Black Death epidemic? a) b) a demand by laborers for higher pay a) an end of serfdom for all intents and purposes a call for democracy b) d) peasant revolutions c) e) the cause of an increase in per capita production d)
claim freedom. 154) What official role did the Catholic Church play in the persecution of Jews in Medieval Europe? They assisted the authorities in helping to find out which Jews were responsible for any social disturbances. They advocated a separate Jewish state in Europe. It played no official role in the persecution, as the Church was officially the protector of Jews. They did not often participate, but usually looked the other way when it took place.. They usually organized the persecution..
146) In the Latin West during the later Middle Ages approximately a) b) c) d) e) nine out of ten people were rural.
c) five out of ten people were rural. three out of ten people were rural. one out of ten people was rural. one out of twenty people was rural.
151) The continued growth of trade and manufacturing after 1200 was due to a) b) c) the isolation of Europe from the rest of the world. strict government regulation. the continuing economic depression in agriculture. the growth of urban areas in the Latin West. religious revival and expansion.
147) In return for the use of their lord’s land, serfs a) were required to send their children to the religious schools. served half the year as knights.
e)
155) A guild was a) b) c) d) e) an association of craft specialists from the same trade. an order of monks. a measurement of distance. a band of knights without ties to a lord. a unit of currency in use throughout the Latin West.
b) c) d) e)
d) paid money for rent. e) worked as bureaucrats for the monarch. had to give the lord a share of the harvest and perform services.
152) In the thirteenth century, what caused Italian Eastern Mediterranean trade to be strengthened? a) Venetian inspired assault on Constantinople
148) The three-field system was b) a) b) c) d) e) the traditional three-part contest performed by knights. c) an agricultural method. d) the technology used in Medieval optics. e) the legal system. the political relationship between king, lord, and serf. 153) Which of the following is not true of trading cities in Europe during the Middle Ages? They a) b) were home to most of Europe’s Jews. were unable to produce products to compete with Asian products. offered people more social freedom than rural places. the development of more efficient ships the invention of copper coinage the fall of the Mongol Empire the invention of the cotton gin
156) Which of the following is not true of most guilds? a) b) c) Guilds trained apprentices. Guilds had great power. Unlike other entities of the time, most guilds were open to Jews. Most guilds promoted equality for men and women. Guilds regulated prices.
d) e)
149) By the time it subsided, the Black Death killed a) b) c) d) e) one out of three Western Europeans. one out of five Western Europeans.
157) Which of the following is true of merchant banking of the fifteenth century? a) Services were only offered to the clergy. Checking accounts, shareholding companies, money changing, loans, and investments were offered as services. Florence lagged behind the rest of the Latin West.
c) one out of ten Western Europeans. d) one out of twenty Western Europeans. a negligible number of Western Europeans e)
b) were able to quickly adapt to changing market conditions. were often “chartered cities” where residents could c)
c) d) No money could be lent for the purpose of warfare in accordance with the Banker Agreement of 1499. Jews were prohibited from money lending for religious reasons. d) e)
German. Hebrew. Greek. b) c) d) e)
contributions from the church selling of indulgences booty from the Crusades a return to the feudal system by printing paper money and by the confiscation of private property
e)
158) The Renaissance began in a) b) c) d) e) Austria. eastern France.
162) Which of the following fostered artistic growth in the Renaissance? a) the “artistic tax” by which part of every salary was used to support museums the war against the Muslims in which many Muslim artists and artwork were captured the patronage of the wealthy merchants and prelates universal education Wealth had become so common that the average person could afford to buy art.
166) By 1500, the English Parliament b) a) b) c) d) had been disbanded. became a permanent part of English government. had yet to be officially formed. had overthrown the king and gained complete governmental authority. had been disbanded by King John.
southern Russia. southern England. northern Italy. c) d) e)
159) Some of the “lost knowledge” of the Greek and Arab world came into the Latin West through a) the recapture of southern Italy from the Byzantines, and Sicily and Toledo from the Muslims. the lively trade in classical antiquities. the recapture of northern Germany from the Huns. contact with the court of Khubilai Khan. the discovery of the remains of the library of Alexandria.
163) What changes transformed later medieval military technology? a) b) c) the catapult military advancement based on merit the organization of knights into armies and primitive biological warfare universal male conscription and the invention of the mace the crossbow with metal-tipped arrows and firearm
e)
b) c) d) e)
167) Spain and Portugal’s reconquest of Iberia was at the expense of a) b) c) Moroccan rule. English rule. Persian rule. French rule. Muslim rule.
d)
d) e)
160) The modern university, as a degree-granting corporation, was first established in a) b) c) d) e) Russia. Ming China.
e)
164) Which of the following statements about the Magna Carta is not true? a) It guaranteed the nobles’ hereditary rights. It gave new rights to the peasants. It affirmed that monarchs are subject to established law. It confirmed the independence of the church and the city of London. It means “Great Charter.”
the Persian Middle East. b) India. c) the Latin West. d)
161) In the universities of the Latin West, all courses were taught in e) a) b) Latin.
165) In what ways were the “new monarchies” able to raise funds? French. a) taxes on lands, taxes from merchants, and voluntary
The Silk Road was a trade route connecting a) b) c) d) e) China and the Middle East. China and Japan. India and Central Asia. Russia and Indonesia. India and the Mediterranean. 6)
b) c) d) e)
a multilingual and multiethnic group. from many lands, but all were Muslim.
c)
people usually retained very strong ties with their homeland. sailors were hired from many regional cultures. Greek citizenship was granted to anyone trading in the Indian Ocean.
d) all Africans from the Sub-Saharan region e) almost exclusively of Indian background.
The Indian Ocean maritime system forged economic and social ties between a) East African, Arabia, India, China, and Southeast Asia. Morocco, Arabia, and the Mediterranean Sea. Russia, India, and China.
10) How has the geography of the Sahara changed over 2500 years? a) b) The region was unknown 2500 years ago. The region was dry before, got wetter for 1000 years, and then got dry again. The region has become wetter. Very little. The region has been drying out.
2)
The initial key to opening the Silk Road was the b) a) availability of new medicines to combat foreign diseases. absence of any organized state along the route. enormous European demand for silk. presence of a large and stable military force. Chinese eagerness for Western horses. 7) c) d) e)
c) b) c) d) e) 3) China, Japan, and the Philippines. d) Greece, Turkey, Arabia, and Persia. e) The importance of the monsoon was that a) b) c) a) b) c) d) e) 4) slaves, mahogany, and plums. d) cotton, yams, and bananas. e) camphor, lamps, and rugs. 8) silk, pottery, spices, and paper. timber, ivory, and myrrh. One difference between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring was that a) b) c) d) e) Indian Ocean ships were not as solidly built. Mediterranean seamen rarely sailed far from shore. Mediterranean ships relied on lateen sails. Indian Ocean traders usually established colonies. Mediterranean seamen were interested only in economic gains. e) it facilitated the spread of disease. d) it prevented the colonization of sub-Saharan Africa. c) it prevented the navigation of the Indian Ocean. it facilitated sailing across the Indian Ocean. it caused huge droughts in India and China.
11) The most convincing evidence indicates that camels were introduced to the Sahara from a) b) West Africa. North Africa and the Mediterranean coast. Arabia. India, via the Indian Ocean trade. they used camels indigenous to the area.
Among the products that China exported along the Silk Road were
12) The agricultural area bordering the desert is called the Sahel, which in Arabic literally means a) b) c) d) e) almost-desert. dry pastureland. prairie and plains. a lush paradise. the coast.
What military technologies did the Silk Road spread? a) b) c) d) e) chariot warfare, mounted bowman, stirrup chariots, Greek fire, gunpowder the field hospital, the broadsword, and poison arrow the war elephant, hardtack, and Arabian horses 9) the lance, chain mail, and gunpowder
Indian Ocean society could be described as bicultural because a) b) the trade routes attracted Mediterranean peoples.
13) Which of the following is not an example of a broad common element underlying African life and culture? a) fixed social categories cultivation by hoe and digging stick
5)
The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were a) primarily Arabic and Persian.
sailors often married women in port cities. b)
c) d) e)
distinctive characteristics in African music a common language
d)
the Arab world should focus on developing the Middle East. the enslavement of the Christians was heresy.
22) Meccan leaders felt threatened by Muhammad’s popularity and threatened his followers. This led to Muhammad fleeing Mecca; his flight was known as the a) hijra. shaitan. mobad. jinn. jihad.
e) concepts of kingship
14) Sub-Saharan Africa’s cultural unity emanated from a) b) c) d) e) peoples from the Arabian Peninsula. people from South Africa. the Indian Ocean Trading Basin. people who once occupied the sub Saharan region. Egypt.
18) What are the names of the two sects of Islam that resulted from the division of the Muslim community? a) b) c) d) e) Sunni and Shi’a Sunni and Ka’ba Zoroastrian and Carmelite Sunni and Mobad Shi’a and Mobad
b) c) d) e)
23) After Muhammad’s death, the Muslim community a) b) chose a caliph, Abu Bakr. searched the entire peninsula for a suitable successor, according to Muhammad’s last instructions. embraced his wife, Khadija, as his successor. abandoned the orthodox teachings of Islam. held general elections to replace Muhammad.
15) Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called a) b) c) d) e) Semitic.
19) Muhammad conceived Islam after a) b) many years of religious study in the mosque.
c) experiencing revelations. d) c) being possessed by a shaitan. e) d) reading the Bible.
Niger-Kongo. Swahili. Bantu. e) Sudanese-Zulu. 20) Muslim means dreaming about Ishmael from the Old Testament.
24) Muslim religious practice is based on the a) b) a) b) c) d) e) first followers. c) Five Pillars. Three Goals to Salvation. Four Noble Truths. chosen for purity. d) the one true religion. e) holy people. one who makes submission. 25) According to the chapter, how does the Quran differ from the Bible? a) b) c) d) e) It contains the words of Muhammad only. It contains the words of Jesus and Muhammad. It contains the words of Jesus only. It contains the unalterable word of God. It contains the words of the umma. Ten Commandments. Eightfold Path.
16) The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion? a) b) c) d) e) Buddhism Shinto Judaism Jainism Sikhism
21) Islam means a) b) the Chosen People. the one true religion. surrender to the will of God. the true belief. leader of God’s people.
17) The division of the Muslim community grew because some believed that a) Ali was the legitimate religious leader after Muhammad. Allah was the only god. there should be no separation between church and state.
c) d) e)
b) c)
26) Muslims who believe that the first three caliphs were
properly selected are called 30) Why is the Abbasid rule considered a “golden age?” a) b) c) d) e) Sunnis. a) Muslims. Muhammadists. Shi’ites. c) Shaitan. d) It is marked by the rule of the “golden” monarch, Abu Bakr. It used gold as the standard coinage throughout the empire. The Spanish region was considered the golden frontier. b) It used the golden cow as the focus of religious worship. It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad.
d) e)
Buyid family of northern Iran. Umayyad family of Damascus.
34) Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the a) b) Viking invasions of the ninth century. blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions. growing influence of Russian and Frankish traditions in Spain. blending of Islam with Roman traditions and Visogoth culture. decrease in Arab power combined with a growing Christian influence.
27) Which of the following areas was not brought under Muslim control under the leadership of the caliphs? a) b) c) d) e) Spain Egypt and North Africa Eastern Europe
c)
e)
d)
31) Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because of the a) empire’s becoming too big to rule effectively.
e)
the Indus Valley b) Syria c) d) development of new religious practices that challenged the appeal of Islam. resistance to nomadic pressures on the frontier.
35) Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain a) passed laws ensuring the ascension of Jews to the Spanish throne. experienced a diaspora to Eastern Europe. contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers. were frequently arrested and persecuted. experienced enormous discrimination.
28) Which of the following statements is not true about Arab armies in their empire? a) b) They were compelled to live in military camps. They had little or no contact with the conquered population. They were not interested in converting the conquered non-Muslim population. They were a small ruling minority.
b) constant revolts of non-Muslims against forced conversion. frequent religious wars between the Sunnis and Shias. d) 32) The caliphs acquired a standing army of Turkish mercenaries called a) Mongols. Shias. Sunnis. mamluks. mobads. e) c)
e)
c)
36) The ulama were a) b) c) d) e) rural leaders. religious scholars. outcasts. a hired foreign military force. government officials.
d) e)
b) They wanted to convert as many people as possible to Islam. c) d) e)
29) The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to a) b) lack of a competent heir. growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims who demanded access to political power. scandals involving the morality of the caliphs. a peasant revolt over increases in taxes and decreases in wages. the arrival of a Jewish messiah.
33) After failing to reform their government and military, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of the a) b) c) Suarez family of Spain. Husan family of Medina. Ali family of Cairo.
c) d)
37) Which of the following statements is not true about the rule of the Seljuk Empire? a) b) Mesopotamia grew in population and influence. They ruled the Middle East during the First Crusade.
e)
c)
Seljuk leaders didn’t get involved in internal religious fighting. Irrigation and canal systems fell into disrepair during their rule. Cities shrank and lost population during their rule.
c) d)
They often played a role in public life. d) They were permitted to own property. e) They were permitted to practice birth control. Unlike in the West, they suffered no challenges to Church orthodoxy or organization. They continued the pattern of Roman rule.
d)
e)
e)
42) Sufism was significant in being a(n) a) b) c) rejection of religious formalism.
46) By the end of the twelfth century, the Byzantine Empire had lost a great deal of territory to a) the Parthian Empire of Persia. Muslim invaders from the Arabian peninsula. Turkic armies from the Central Asian steppes. the Mughal Empire of Afghanistan. Roman Catholic crusaders from the West.
38) The great vision of the shari’a is an umma with a) common moral values, minimizing ethnic, and politic divisions. a separate identity from Christians.
new doctrine that excluded the lower classes. b) attempt to convert more women to Islam. c) quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training. blending of Christian and Buddhist ideas into Islam.
b) c) d) e)
d) a common history and literary base. a common monetary system and central taxation. all members living in a unified, homogeneous Muslim state. e)
d) e)
43) Which of the following was not occurring in Europe by the year 1200? a) b) c) Western Europe was demonstrating military strength. Byzantium was showing military weakness. Muslim invaders were making serious inroads into Western Europe. Byzantium was in decline.
47) Among Byzantine cultural achievements is/are a) their shipbuilding and epics about the wars of the Mediterranean Sea. their architectural tradition and cyrillic writing. their prominence in preserving Greek and Roman texts. their revival of the Olympic games. their traditional music and dance.
39) What is the hadith? a) b) c) d) e) a fashionable Syrian textile style a collection of Muhammad’s words and deeds a style of Persian miniature paintings
b) c) d)
d) a collection of Persian poems e) a collection of Muslim writings during the Crusades
e) Western Europe was showing new vitality.
40) Conversion to Islam was primarily a result of a) b) c) d) e) a desire to escape taxes on non-Muslims. gradually learning about Islam. a way to escape certain death. the lack of a pre-existing religious system. dissatisfaction with Christianity.
44) Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were a) b) c) d) e) formal divisions over differences in doctrine.
48) In general, which of the following did not occur during Europe’s transformation at the decline of Roman authority? a) b) There was increasing political fragmentation. The city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman Church. The population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs. Roman traditions were replaced with family-based German traditions. A legal framework disappeared.
disagreements between kings and church leaders. arguments between local priests and the pope. disputes between bishops concerning church lands. d) disagreements between priests and lay followers. e) c)
41) Which of the following statements about Muslim women is not true? a) They adopted the Byzantine and Sasanid custom of veiling. They were permitted to divorce.
45) How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts? a) b) They were mostly pagans. They dominated trade in the Mediterranean. They were a completely secular society.
49) After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire a) b) reasserted Roman rule. fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms.
b)
c)
d) c) d) e) became known as the Byzantine Empire. e) fell under the control of Constantine. had no powerful rulers or authority.
owned and controlled by the church. d) self-sufficient farming estates known as manors. e) was restricted to those with hereditary titles. was taught to all citizens.
54) Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were a) b) bailiffs. mobads. satraps. sheriffs. serfs.
58) A feudum, or fief, was a) b) c) d) e) any small and independent kingdom. any estate governed by a hereditary lord. a Germanic peasant. a grant of land exchanged for military service. a small nonhereditary manor.
50) The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in the development of linguistic zones of a) b) c) d) e) Indo-European, Latin, and Asian languages.
c) Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages. d) Latin, Greek, and English languages. e) Germanic, Semitic, and Celtic dialects. Latin, Germanic, and Afro-Asian languages.
55) Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as “feudal” an oversimplification? a) The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region. Feudalism didn’t begin until 1300.
59) Which of the following is not one of the ways that medieval noblewomen participated in feudal society? a) b) They could own and inherit property. They were viewed as valued property by their families. They often ran their husband’s estates. They became enmeshed in the tangle of feudal obligations. They could choose their own marriage partners.
51) In what year did Charles Martel stop the Muslim’s most advanced raiding party in Tours, France? a) b) c) d) e) 610 732 800
b) c)
c) Scholars now know that “feudalism” as such never really existed. The social structure of the Germanic peoples emphasized loyalty to the pope. Most of the old Roman system continued, particularly in France. d)
d) 929 1066 e)
e)
52) What Scandinavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland? a) b) c) d) e) Muslims
60) After the 10th century the Roman Catholic Church faced all of the following challenges except a) residual pagan practices such as the worship of rivers, trees, and mountains. shortages of trained clergy. disagreements over Church regulations. getting the office of pope more acknowledged internationally. continued infractions of the rules against clergy marrying.
56) Which of the following is not associated with the rise of the mounted warrior as the paramount force on the battlefield? a) the creation of a hereditary nobility technological improvements such as the stirrup the development of armor for horses and knights a poor peasantry and serfdom the breeding of small, grain-fed fighting horses
Franks b) Visigoths c) Vikings d) Ostrogoths e)
b) c) d)
e)
53) The primary centers for agricultural production were 57) As time went on, armored knighthood a) b) c) communal property under village control. a) scattered farms owned by the regional nobility. b) small farms owned by those who worked on them. c) continued only in areas with a free peasantry. was limited to those with revenue from land. required permission of the king and the church.
61) The term investiture controversy refers to the a) b) amount of power local priests were allowed. struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments.
c) d) e)
conflict over choosing new popes. issue of whether a noble could marry a commoner. debate over how to invest Church funds.
c) d) e)
mining. land holding
a)
original thought-provoking works by Arab and Iranian writers pasta, paper, and refined sugar Access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle, heretofore unknown in Western Europe hard soap and colored glass Arabic translations of ancient Greek science and philosophy
b) trade. c) 62) Which of the following were not generally among the responsibilities of monasteries and convents? a) providing refuge for widows and abandoned women and children providing a place for contemplation and the religious life. planting Christianity in new lands d) d) e) scientific experimentation and inquiry servicing the needs of travelers e) the abolition of the death penalty for debtors across Europe. the Christian Crusades. c) 63) Which of the following were not practices connected with monasticism? a) b) c) d) celibacy and obedience. poverty. continual devotion to prayer. c) living in society to spread good influence and performing sacraments d) e) living apart from society. e) 64) The most important impact of monasticism was its contribution of a) b) c) d) e) educating children. communal living and prayer. b) the new hierarchy it imposed on the church. a religious warrior class. converting populations and preserving ancient works. c) d) Economic forces such as the desire to increase trade and land hunger were contributing factors. They were a series of religiously inspired campaigns. The Pope promised atonement from sins for the Crusaders. The Crusades were successful. They controlled extensive agricultural lands. d) 68) Which of the following is not true about the Crusades? e) a) Prior to the Crusades, Muslim leaders generally protected Christian pilgrims. They passed laws making serfs free once they came to the city. They had more abundant coinage. c) a) b) 67) Which of the following is not responsible for the success of many cities in Italy and Flanders? a) b) They specialized in trade and manufacturing. They were independent rather than controlled by feudal lords. d) e) a) b) 66) During the revival of Western Europe (1000-1200), the population nearly doubled because of a) b) b) c) the introduction of rice (from Arab lands) to the diet. papal edicts to encourage increased birth rates. technological innovations such as a new type of plow and efficient draft harnesses for pulling wagons. d) e)
70) Which empire reunited China in the sixth century? Mongol Sui Ming Tang Qin
c)
71) To facilitate communication and trade between North China and South China, the Sui built the Trans China Relay System. Great Wall. Yangtze River Highway. Great Qin Highway. Grand Canal.
72) What was the political influence of Buddhism in the Tang Empire? a) b) It taught strict obedience to a hierarchy. It encouraged the leader to weld the people into a harmonious society. It taught them tolerance for all peoples. It taught oneness with nature. It taught that the king was descended from a god.
c) d) e)
65) In Kievan Russia, power derived from e) a) b) warfare. religion. 69) As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following except
73) The Tang Empire is considered “cosmopolitan” because
them? a) government fully supported artists, musicians, and dancers. it mixed styles, goods, and cultures from every part of Asia. there was social equality. d) d) e) public education was mandatory. e) the peasants were mandated to live in the cities. 78) The most serious rivals to the Tang Empire were the 74) Chang’an was important because it a) a) b) c) d) e) was the name of the Buddhist temple in Tibet. b) was the name of the last Tang emperor. c) was the source of smallpox. d) was the hub of Tang communications. e) was the Japanese capital. 79) The original Turkish homeland is 75) The tributary system was a practice in which a) a) the emperor traveled to foreign countries to pledge his allegiance to them. the emperor made an annual trip down the Grand Canal. the emperor made a pilgrimage to please the gods and the ancient ancestors. countries acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese emperor. China built new canals for transportation and irrigation. b) c) d) e) d) Greece Persia Vikings and the Huns. Arabs and Japan. Mongols and the Berbers. Uigurs and Tibet. Russians and Korea. the game of polo the popularity of pants a) b) c) c) cotton replaced hemp as the most popular textile gunpowder grape wine, sugar, and spices
a) b) c) d) e)
Confucians Muslims Christians Buddhists Daoists
b)
82) After the decline of the Tang Empire, the states that emerged were a) b) c) d) e) Qin, Han, and Yuan. Liao, Song, and Tanggut. Mongolia, Manchuri,a and Koryo. Turkmenistan, Guanjo, and Siam. Jurchen, Manchuria, and Siberia.
83) Which are important technological innovations of the Song Empire? a) stern-mounted rudder, high-quality steel, and gunpowder silk, the saddle, and printing press battering ram, chariot, and lateen sail clock, paper, and the cure for the Plague astrolabe, horse collar, and the crossbow
b) b) c) Anatolia c) Northern Mongolia d) Korea e) 80) The decline of the Tang Empire occurred when a) the Yellow River flooded and destroyed all of the good farmland. the Grand Canal silted up and the government couldn’t afford to dredge it. political decay and military decline undermined the social order. plague swept the capital. e) e) e) compasses and large oceangoing ships. 81) Who did the Tang blame most for growing instability in the Empire? earthquakes and tidal waves destroyed coastal cities.
e)
84) Which of the following cannot be said about Zhu Xi’s NeoConfucianism? a) The ideal human is the sage. The ideal human is the warrior. It emphasizes individual moral and social responsibility It asserts that man is naturally good It developed as a reaction to many centuries of Buddhist and Daoist intellectual dominance.
76) Chinese maritime innovations included b) a) b) c) d) carrier pigeons and cannon. lateen sails and astrolabes. gunboats and maps. d) the bulwark and jute rope. c)
b) c) d)
77) Of the many things that Central Asia and the Islamic world introduced to China which of the following was not among
85) Some Buddhists drew upon Indian and Tibetan folk practice and created a meditative practice known as
a) b) c) d) e)
Chan or Zen Buddhism. e) kung fu. pranayama. yoga. Ju Duo. 89) During the Song period, women experienced subordination and social restriction epitomized by a) b) c) d) loss of custody of their children after divorce. a decrease in voting rights. veiling. d) widow-burning. e) e) footbinding. 94) The great gift of Champa to Song China was As Confucian gentlemen, it was below them. They had no choice, the warriors were too powerful. “xinming.” 93) Why did the Fujiwara family of Heian Japan choose to entrust responsibility for local government to their warriors? a) b) c) They did not have enough power to do it themselves. They preferred aesthetic pursuits. They spent too much time learning Buddhism and praying.
86) By instituting civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy, the Song a) severely limited its ability to get competent civil servants. tried to limit the number of civil servants. recruited the most talented men for government service. drove the most talented people out of the country. ensured that only the wealthy elite would retain positions of power.
b) c) d) e)
90) Confucianism spread to East Asia with the spread of a) a) b) c) d) the Chinese writing system. b) the Mongols. c) the bubonic plague. d) Daoism. e) e) the slavery. 95) The Mongol leader, the khan, 91) Which of the following Chinese customs did the Japanese choose not to implement? a) Japan implemented Confucian legal code. Japan showed a strong interest in the study of Buddhism. Japan built walls around its cities for protection. e) d) e) Japan mastered Chinese architectural styles. 96) What was the role of Mongol women in politics? Japan implemented Confucian-style central government. deferred to the Mongol Parliament. a) b) c) d) c) had his decisions ratified by a council. was a figurehead only. had absolute power in decision making. had no power to make decisions but retained a veto. metered poetry. tea. nutritious lentils. poisonous projectiles. quick-ripening rice.
87) Which of the following did not occur in China due to the development of movable type and the availability of printed material? a) It led to the adaptation of iron plows and rakes for wetrice cultivation. It gave people access to information of planting and irrigation. It spread information on how to prevent disease. It furthered the development of new agricultural land in the south. It helped spread subversive ideas and caused a number of rebellions—just as printing would in the West in the 16th century.
b)
b)
c) d)
e)
a) b)
Women chose the location for future military assaults. Women from prestigious families were often powerful in negotiation and management. The word khan means “queen” as the ruler was a woman appointed from an elite family. Women played no role in politics. Only women sat on the council.
92) Japanese emperors 88) The Song system of credit was based on guarantees that paper money could be redeemed for coinage. This was called a) b) c) d) “flying money.” “paper tiger.” “dollar dragon.” “mercantilism.” a) b) c) d) e) came from constantly changing lineages.
c) required the Mandate of Heaven to maintain power. maintained tight political control. were never female. seldom wielded any real political power. d) e)
97) The religion of the Central Asian nomads was
a) b) c) d) e)
atheistic. a diverse mixture of various religions. strict monotheism.
c) d)
created a flow of disease via the trade routes. prevented the spread of knowledge between Europe and the Middle East. brought Islam to Western Europe.
c) d) e)
Riazan Moscow Novgorod
e) limited to shamanism. worship of the divine khan.
106) Mongol armies often consisted of 102) The conflict between Il-khan and the Golden Horde originated in a) b) philosophical differences. economic differences. religious differences. political differences. cultural differences. a) b) c) d) e) ethnic Mongols only. Uighurs only Chinese mercenaries. a multinational force with Mongol leaders. both male and female soldiers.
98) Which of the following was not one of the techniques employed by the Mongols to defeat the armies they faced? a) b) c) d) e) diplomacy
c) mass slaughter and starvation under siege d) superior bows and horsemanship e) flaming arrows and catapults
107) Which of the following did the Europeans not learn about from the Mongols? a) porcelain gunpowder and high temperature metallurgy diplomatic passports coal mining and higher mathematics movable type and bronze cannons
103) Tax farming is intimidation a) 99) Why did the Mongols refrain from attacking central Europe in 1241? a) b) c) d) e) the conversion of the Great Khan to Buddhism the death of the Great Khan d) the conversion of the Great Khan to Christianity the alliance with Pope Urban VII the conversion of the Great Khan to Islam e) the sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations. the growth of a new cash crop. e) b) c) taxes paid solely by farmers. b) the exemption granted to farmers from taxation. c) the raising of crops on government land to pay for government expenses. d)
108) In 1453, the Ottomans conquered which important Christian city? a) b) c) d) e) Budapest Kiev Paris Constantinople Vienna
104) How did Mongol control impact Russia’s Orthodox church? a) b) c) They were granted great privileges. They converted to its practices. They modified their practices to include the Roman Catholic eucharist. They ignored it. They destroyed it.
100) Narratives such as Marco Polo’s created a European a) b) c) d) e) isolationist mentality. aversion to all things from Asia. fear of Mongol contact.
d) ambition to find easier routes to Asia. e) image of Mongol poverty.
109) Why didn’t China as we think of it today exist before the Mongols? a) b) The Mongols completely destroyed it and rebuilt it. The Chinese government system was invented by the Mongols. The Mongols reunited China permanently.
101) The Mongol expansion a) b) created a negative stereotype about any foreign traveler. inspired censorship of writing and creativity.
105) Which city became Russia’s dominant political center under the Mongols? a) b) Kiev Smolensk
c)
e) d) The Mongols brought silk and porcelain production to China. The Mongols built the Great Wall. 114) Which of the following is not one of the aspects of Mongol rule that created hardship and a sharp population decrease? a) b) c) female infanticide bubonic plague. their insistence that the Chinese practice agriculture rather than trade. warfare. e) e) d) e) Chinese administrators. Mongol administrators. 115) The Mongols encouraged the sharing and exchange of all of the following except for a) b) a) b) c) d) e) merchants. c) nobility. d) priests. e) artisans. farmers. 116) In 1368, the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the a) b) c) d) e) Yi Kingdom. Tang Empire. a) b) c) d) e) laws protecting banks and moneylenders. no leadership to improve the situation. tax rebates to the rich. paper money and copper coins. Ming Empire. Song Empire. Manchu Empire. b) c) d) e) a) a) b) c) d) e) the increasing influence of Mandarin. an interest in trade for the first time in China. the rise of a class of educated holy men. improved nutrition of the urban population. d) the decline of the prestige of the warrior class. formed close ties with the Manchu instead. c) b) c) severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners. marched all the Mongols to the Korean border. changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese. e) engineering. astronomy and science. d) Confucianism. c) medical information. mathematics. b) migration and flooding of the Yellow River.
built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols.
118) Zheng He’s primary accomplishment was a) b) c) d) converting barbarians to Islam. bringing wealth to China. discovering the Philippines. acquiring Ming tributary states. discovering new lands in the East.
e)
110) The Yuan tax administration relied on a) b) c) Muslim administrators. Persian, Arab, and Uighur administrators.
d) Korean administrators.
119) Why didn’t Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain? a) The Japanese merchants undercut the market and stole China’s trading partners. The emperor feared outside contacts and influence. The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring. The merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets. The peasantry was a strong voting lobby and refused to support it.
111) Much to the distress of the Confucians, the Mongols elevated the status of the
112) To solve the problem of credit, the Mongols provided a) government bonds.
120) The Chinese rigorously censored information to foreigners because they wanted to protect scientists and inventors before the advent of patents. feared a “brain drain.” feared the rise of rival political parties. feared technology transfer. wanted to limit the development of the economy to within a certain range.
117) To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperor
113) One impact of the rise of cities under Mongol rule was
121) The Ming produced one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia, a) b) green or ginseng ink. teakwood clocks. wool.
d) e)
lightweight cannon. porcelain.
b) c) d) e)
wisdom of the gods. suicide. wind of the gods. triumphant death.
c) d) e)
rice, kiwi, and manioc. tea, spelt, and barley. corn, beans, and squash.
122) The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family, and the Mongols was that a) the Koryo family revolted against the Mongols and expelled them from Korea. the Koryo family became attached and loyal to the Mongols. the Mongols considered the Koryo family and all Koreans “barbarians.” of parents and children, with the Koryo family as the parents. they were mutually hostile.
130) Africa exported large quantities of what mineral across the Sahara, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean? a) b) c) d) e) copper platinum iron bronze silver
126) What well-traveled Muslim scholar left a journal that has become a valuable historical source? a) b) c) King Sumanguru Edward Said Abu Bakr Ibn Battuta Mansa Musa
b)
c)
d)
d) e)
e)
131) The spread of Islam to lands south of the Sahara came about through a) b) c) forced conversion. a gradual and peaceful process of conversion. the missionary efforts of the Arabs during the Umayyad Caliphate. war. the travels of Ibn Battuta.
123) What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan? a) b) The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess.
127) The tropics are warm all year-round. The center of the tropical zone is marked by the a) gulf stream. polar caps. equator.
Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology. The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base. A storm prevented them from establishing a base.
b) c) d)
c)
d) Sahara Desert. e) e) none of these
d) e)
The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing. 128) The rainy and dry seasons in the Indian Ocean reflect the influence of a) b) c) d) the jet stream. the Himalayas. “El Niño.” the gulf stream. the monsoons.
132) In addition to fulfilling his personal religious obligations, Mansa Kankan Musa’s pilgrimage resulted in the a) construction of new mosques and Quranic schools in Mali. disappearance of Buddhist practice in Mali. contraction of the Malian economy. decrease in Malian taxes. conversion of all Malians to Islam.
124) How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan? a) b) c) Japan reinstated direct imperial rule. Japanese clans took political control of their regions. Japanese merchants lost huge sums of money in the Mongolian markets. Japanese monks were held hostage.
b) c) d) e)
d) e)
e) The Japanese military governments spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to consolidate the warrior class.
129) Human migrations spread many useful plants and animals around the tropics by 1200. These included a) b) bananas, yams, and coffee. wheat, millet, and barley.
133) The Turkish invaders successfully invaded India due to a) a desire to spread the Islamic faith and to acquire plunder. the division of India into small states.
125) Kamikaze means a) honorable death.
b)
b) c) d) the threats of Mongol Ilkhans. c) the prospect of learning Indian technology and mathematics. all of these d) e)
skow. c) galley. d) dhow. e) Mosques were off-limits to Africans. caravelle. 142) The spread of Islam between 1200 and 1500 encouraged all but the following: a) the parallel spread of Christianity. the study of Islamic law. the introduction of new technology like papermaking. the study of classical Greek scholarship in mathematics, medicine, and science. the study of Islamic theology, and administration. Mosques went in and out of fashion. Mosques were solely for religious worship.
e)
134) The Delhi Sultans controlled their empire in India by a) b) c) d) e) requiring all first born males to serve in the army.
138) The largest, most technologically advanced ship in the Indian Ocean was the Chinese a) caravel.
providing only loyal subjects with food and water. b) mass deportation. c) hiring janissaries to patrol the borders. d) terror and high taxes. e) junk. skow. galley. dhow.
b) c) d)
e)
135) Although the Delhi Sultanate had its problems, it did provide a a) b) c) d) e) new unifying religion in the form of Islam.
139) The different regional networks of the Indian Ocean trade were tied together by a) the threat of Chinese intrusion.
143) In India Islamic invasion practically a) b) caused Islam to become the dominant religion in India. destroyed all vestiges of Hinduism. destroyed the last strong holds of Buddhism. eliminated the caste system. paved the way for the unification under the British.
reliable and safe water supply to the region. b) safe haven for religious exiles to live. c) new irrigation system of qanats to the region. d) centralized political authority to India. e) a common language. \ 140) The city of Aden in Arabia was an excellent location for a) b) making salt. growing grain and a convenient stopover for traders from India. mining gold and selling camels. commercial interests. political authority. religious authority.
c) d) e)
136) Which of the following did not help to increase Indian Ocean trade between 1200 and 1500? a) b) the invention of the lateen sail and the compass construction of larger ships, making shipping cargo more profitable increased demand for luxury goods such as jewels, fine textiles, and precious metals the collapse of the Mongol Empire, which disrupted the overland trade routes rising prosperity of Asian, European, and African states, which stimulated expansion
144) The prosperity of the Asian and African kingdoms from 1200 to 1500 was accompanied by the a) b) c) rise of science in Asia. growth of Christianity. need for better transportation in Africa. growth of slavery. need for a bigger navy and merchant marine.
c)
c) d)
d) trading slaves, silk, jewels, and porcelain. e) e) the important Islamic religious shrines.
d)
145) The period from 1200 to 1500 is better known as Europe’s e) 141) Which of the following statements is/are true about the role the mosque played in Islamic society? a) b) Mosques were used only to educate boys. Mosques were centers of learning and promoted literacy. a) b) c) later Middle Ages. Last Age. Golden Age.
137) The characteristic ship of the Arabian Sea was the a) junk.
d) e)
Renaissance. Age of Reason. 150) Which of the following was not a social result of the Black Death epidemic? a) b) a demand by laborers for higher pay a) an end of serfdom for all intents and purposes a call for democracy b) d) peasant revolutions c) e) the cause of an increase in per capita production d)
claim freedom. 154) What official role did the Catholic Church play in the persecution of Jews in Medieval Europe? They assisted the authorities in helping to find out which Jews were responsible for any social disturbances. They advocated a separate Jewish state in Europe. It played no official role in the persecution, as the Church was officially the protector of Jews. They did not often participate, but usually looked the other way when it took place.. They usually organized the persecution..
146) In the Latin West during the later Middle Ages approximately a) b) c) d) e) nine out of ten people were rural.
c) five out of ten people were rural. three out of ten people were rural. one out of ten people was rural. one out of twenty people was rural.
151) The continued growth of trade and manufacturing after 1200 was due to a) b) c) the isolation of Europe from the rest of the world. strict government regulation. the continuing economic depression in agriculture. the growth of urban areas in the Latin West. religious revival and expansion.
147) In return for the use of their lord’s land, serfs a) were required to send their children to the religious schools. served half the year as knights.
e)
155) A guild was a) b) c) d) e) an association of craft specialists from the same trade. an order of monks. a measurement of distance. a band of knights without ties to a lord. a unit of currency in use throughout the Latin West.
b) c) d) e)
d) paid money for rent. e) worked as bureaucrats for the monarch. had to give the lord a share of the harvest and perform services.
152) In the thirteenth century, what caused Italian Eastern Mediterranean trade to be strengthened? a) Venetian inspired assault on Constantinople
148) The three-field system was b) a) b) c) d) e) the traditional three-part contest performed by knights. c) an agricultural method. d) the technology used in Medieval optics. e) the legal system. the political relationship between king, lord, and serf. 153) Which of the following is not true of trading cities in Europe during the Middle Ages? They a) b) were home to most of Europe’s Jews. were unable to produce products to compete with Asian products. offered people more social freedom than rural places. the development of more efficient ships the invention of copper coinage the fall of the Mongol Empire the invention of the cotton gin
156) Which of the following is not true of most guilds? a) b) c) Guilds trained apprentices. Guilds had great power. Unlike other entities of the time, most guilds were open to Jews. Most guilds promoted equality for men and women. Guilds regulated prices.
d) e)
149) By the time it subsided, the Black Death killed a) b) c) d) e) one out of three Western Europeans. one out of five Western Europeans.
157) Which of the following is true of merchant banking of the fifteenth century? a) Services were only offered to the clergy. Checking accounts, shareholding companies, money changing, loans, and investments were offered as services. Florence lagged behind the rest of the Latin West.
c) one out of ten Western Europeans. d) one out of twenty Western Europeans. a negligible number of Western Europeans e)
b) were able to quickly adapt to changing market conditions. were often “chartered cities” where residents could c)
c) d) No money could be lent for the purpose of warfare in accordance with the Banker Agreement of 1499. Jews were prohibited from money lending for religious reasons. d) e)
German. Hebrew. Greek. b) c) d) e)
contributions from the church selling of indulgences booty from the Crusades a return to the feudal system by printing paper money and by the confiscation of private property
e)
158) The Renaissance began in a) b) c) d) e) Austria. eastern France.
162) Which of the following fostered artistic growth in the Renaissance? a) the “artistic tax” by which part of every salary was used to support museums the war against the Muslims in which many Muslim artists and artwork were captured the patronage of the wealthy merchants and prelates universal education Wealth had become so common that the average person could afford to buy art.
166) By 1500, the English Parliament b) a) b) c) d) had been disbanded. became a permanent part of English government. had yet to be officially formed. had overthrown the king and gained complete governmental authority. had been disbanded by King John.
southern Russia. southern England. northern Italy. c) d) e)
159) Some of the “lost knowledge” of the Greek and Arab world came into the Latin West through a) the recapture of southern Italy from the Byzantines, and Sicily and Toledo from the Muslims. the lively trade in classical antiquities. the recapture of northern Germany from the Huns. contact with the court of Khubilai Khan. the discovery of the remains of the library of Alexandria.
163) What changes transformed later medieval military technology? a) b) c) the catapult military advancement based on merit the organization of knights into armies and primitive biological warfare universal male conscription and the invention of the mace the crossbow with metal-tipped arrows and firearm
e)
b) c) d) e)
167) Spain and Portugal’s reconquest of Iberia was at the expense of a) b) c) Moroccan rule. English rule. Persian rule. French rule. Muslim rule.
d)
d) e)
160) The modern university, as a degree-granting corporation, was first established in a) b) c) d) e) Russia. Ming China.
e)
164) Which of the following statements about the Magna Carta is not true? a) It guaranteed the nobles’ hereditary rights. It gave new rights to the peasants. It affirmed that monarchs are subject to established law. It confirmed the independence of the church and the city of London. It means “Great Charter.”
the Persian Middle East. b) India. c) the Latin West. d)
161) In the universities of the Latin West, all courses were taught in e) a) b) Latin.
165) In what ways were the “new monarchies” able to raise funds? French. a) taxes on lands, taxes from merchants, and voluntary
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