Energy Systems - ATP/CE, Lactic Acid & Aerobic
Energy Systems
The ATP – CP system is primarily used for short duration exercises (about ten to twelve seconds) which involve a high intensity or explosive movements. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds between the Adenosine and the three phosphate molecules. Water is added in the chemical reaction, causing one of the bonds to break, which releases one molecule of energy from the phosphate. This molecule is used for the muscle contraction. The ATP then turns into ADP as it’s lost a phosphate molecule. The ADP needs to gain another phosphate to be re-used for another reaction. Creatine-Phosphate is needed for this reaction, so the enzyme Creatine-Kinase is used to separate the Creatine molecule from the Phosphate molecule. The ADP then reacts with the spare Phosphate from Creatine-Phosphate, with the help of ATP Synthase, to produce one ATP molecule.
This energy system recovers after a short break from the high intensity exercise; however it only produces one ATP molecule so it has a low energy yield. Due to this recovery time, this energy system is most suited to sprinting, throwing, heavy weight lifting and jumping. It is suitable for this type of exercise as they involve short, explosive actions or movements which last for a few seconds and allow a short recovery time between each section of movement.
The Lactic Acid system is primarily used for short or medium duration exercises which last about 60-90 seconds but no longer than two minutes. This system kicks in when our ATP and CP stores have run out, glycogen from muscles and the liver is used to be broken down it glucose, as glycogen provides a quick source of energy and can be directed to the muscles quickly. Anaerobic Glycolysis occurs, which involves ten chemical reactions occurring within the muscle which turns glucose into pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. The lack of oxygen in this reaction means that some of the waste products are not disposed of, which causes a build-up of hydrogen in
The ATP – CP system is primarily used for short duration exercises (about ten to twelve seconds) which involve a high intensity or explosive movements. Energy is stored within the chemical bonds between the Adenosine and the three phosphate molecules. Water is added in the chemical reaction, causing one of the bonds to break, which releases one molecule of energy from the phosphate. This molecule is used for the muscle contraction. The ATP then turns into ADP as it’s lost a phosphate molecule. The ADP needs to gain another phosphate to be re-used for another reaction. Creatine-Phosphate is needed for this reaction, so the enzyme Creatine-Kinase is used to separate the Creatine molecule from the Phosphate molecule. The ADP then reacts with the spare Phosphate from Creatine-Phosphate, with the help of ATP Synthase, to produce one ATP molecule.
This energy system recovers after a short break from the high intensity exercise; however it only produces one ATP molecule so it has a low energy yield. Due to this recovery time, this energy system is most suited to sprinting, throwing, heavy weight lifting and jumping. It is suitable for this type of exercise as they involve short, explosive actions or movements which last for a few seconds and allow a short recovery time between each section of movement.
The Lactic Acid system is primarily used for short or medium duration exercises which last about 60-90 seconds but no longer than two minutes. This system kicks in when our ATP and CP stores have run out, glycogen from muscles and the liver is used to be broken down it glucose, as glycogen provides a quick source of energy and can be directed to the muscles quickly. Anaerobic Glycolysis occurs, which involves ten chemical reactions occurring within the muscle which turns glucose into pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP. The lack of oxygen in this reaction means that some of the waste products are not disposed of, which causes a build-up of hydrogen in