Duane Syndrome

In this world, in this time and age, many diseases and disorders exist, with many more evolving, and others being created and discovered. Some are acquired, while others are passed down through family like traits. The latter are called genetic diseases, since inheritance plays a role in procuring the disease. There are countless of studies concerning genetic diseases. Gene mapping is used in describing how a gene could have been mutated or altered in a way for a condition to be developed. Knowing the loci for diseases also helps in finding a treatment. Many diseases can attest to certain genes being involved in their development. Duane syndrome is one example of these genetic diseases. People who suffer from this rare condition have the limited
With his study of fifty-four cases, Duane was able to form theories suggesting the pathogenesis and treatment of the syndrome. His findings lead to advancements with Duane syndrome. Eventually, a man by the name of Huber was able categorized Duane syndrome into three groups. People who are diagnosed with Duane syndrome regularly have the symptom of not being able to completely, or not at all, roll their eyes out towards the direction of their ear. This would be called abduction, and many of the Duane syndrome patients find they are not capable of adduction as well, which would be the attempt of rolling their eyes in towards their nose. Duane syndrome patients attempting to roll their eyes horizontally may find that the eyeball will pull back into the socket, which is why this disorder is also sometimes called Duane’s Retraction Syndrome (DR or DRS), Eye Retraction Syndrome, and Congenital Retraction Syndrome. The public may as well know this disorder as Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome, Stilling and Turk being the ophthalmologists who had studied the syndrome before Duane. Duane syndrome causes involuntary contraction of the eyes, and also inhibits voluntary contraction. Because of the retraction, the eye opening can narrow, and the eye will roll either upwards or downwards. This condition can affect one or both eyes, depending on the type of Duane syndrome the patient may have. Though cases frequently consist of unilateral Duane syndrome, with the left eye commonly being the affected one (Baroncini, 2013). The reason for the left eye being affected more often is not entirely known. Studies show Duane syndrome tends to transpire more in females than in males. It is furthermore not known why the disease favors females. Those who suffer from bilateral Duane syndrome have a tendency to