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Civil Society
DRIVERS OF CHANGE PAKISTAN

Civil Society And Social Change In Pakistan

Ayesha Khan and Rabia Khan
The Collective for Social Science Research

March 2004

This paper is part of the Drivers of Change in Pakistan study conducted by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) and the Collective for Social Science Research for the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID). The authors thank participants at the IDS-Collective-DFID workshop on Drivers of Change held in Islamabad, 6-7th November 2003, for comments on an earlier draft. The authors gratefully acknowledges DFID 's support, the views and opinions expressed within this study are those of the authors alone.

Institute for Development Studies At the University of Sussex Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom Phone: 44 1273 606271 Fax: 44 1273 621202

Collective for Social Science Research 173-I, Block 2, PECHS, Karachi 75400, Pakistan Phone: 00-9221-455-1482 Fax: 00-9221-454-7532

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Civil Society and Its Organizations 3. Civil Society Organizations and Social Change 4. Civil Society Organizations in Development 4.1. Welfare, Charity Based NGOs 4.2 Community Development NGOs 4.3 Sustainable Development and Advocacy NGOs: 5. Social Movements and Change in Pakistan 6. Conclusion References Table 1. Composition of the Non-profit Sector

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Civil Society And Social Change In Pakistan Ayesha Khan and Rabia Khan Executive Summary
Introduction: Civil society is an emerging arena for social and political change in Pakistan. It includes a vast array of organizations and associations that represent the interests of the country’s population of 145 million to various degrees. Some of them have a long history in Pakistan, such as trade unions, bar associations, teacher’s associations, peasant organizations, student groups, and charity organizations. In this discussion we focus on the organizations and coalitions



References: Anjuman Muzareen website at: www.anjumanmuzareen.com.pk. Asghar Khan, O., 2001, “Critical Engagements: NGOs and the State,” in Weiss and Gilani, eds. Power and Civil Society in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press. Aurat Foundation, 2002, Citizen’s Campaign for Women’s Representation in Local Government in Pakistan (September 2000-October 2001), Aurat Foundation report on project implemented by Aurat Publication and Information Service Foundation, funded by DFID, NORAD and UNDP. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2002. Standard Edition CD Rom 2002. Bari and S. Khattak, 2001, “Power Configurations in Public and Private Arenas: The Women’s Movement’s Response” in Weiss and Gilani (eds) Power and Civil Society in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press. Ghaus Pasha, A., et al., 2002a, Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector in Pakistan. SPDC Working Paper No. 1. Karachi: Social Policy and Development Centre, Aga Khan Foundation, and Johns Hopkins University Institute of Policy Studies. Ghaus Pasha, A., et al., 2002b, Non-profit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues. SPDC Working Paper No. 2. Karachi: SPDC, Aga Khan Foundation and Johns Hopkins University. International Crisis Group, 2002, Pakistan: Madrassas, Extremism and the Military. ICG Asia Report No. 36. Islamabad/Brussels, 29 July. Ispahani, M., 2003, “The Cauldron,” The New Republic: 31-38, June 16. Khan, A., 1994, “Policy-making in Pakistan’s population programme,” in Health Policy and Planning: 11(1): 30-51. Khan, A., 1998, Women and the Pakistan Government: A Brief Policy History (1975-1998). Islamabad: UNDP. Khan, A., 1999, Rhetoric and Reform: Feminism Among Indian Muslims, 1900-1940. Lahore: ASR Publications. Kirthar National Park, 2001, 31 January, website at: www.bbc.co/nature/news/173news1 Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Centre, 2000, Human Development in South Asia 2000: The Gender Question. Karachi: Oxford University Press. Ministry of Finance, 2003, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan. Moore, Mick, 2001, “Types of Political Systems: A Practical Framework for DfID Staff,” (version 2). London. [unpublished DfID document]. Mumtaz, K., and Shaheed, F., 1987, Women of Pakistan: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back? Lahore: Vanguard. 36 Naheed A. and Iqbal, S., 1998, “Creating Spaces: Shirkat Gah’s Outreach Programme,” in Shaheed et al, (eds) Shaping Women’s Lives, Laws Practices & Strategies in Pakistan. Lahore: Shirkat Gah. NGORC, 2003, Civil Society in Pakistan. Karachi: NGORC. PNCS, Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Environment, Local Government and Rural Development, 2000, Report of the Mid Term Review. Pasha, M., 2001, “Savage Capitalism and Civil Society in Pakistan” in Weiss and Gilani (eds). Power and Civil Society in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press. Runalls, D., 1995, The Story of Pakistan’s NCS, An Analysis of Its Evolution. PNCS, CIDA, IUCN. Sathar and Lloyd et al., 2003, Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001-2002: A Nationally Representative Survey. Islamabad and New York: Population Council. Shaheed F. and Warraich, S.A., 1998, “The Context of Women’s Activism” in Shaheed et al (eds) Shaping Women’s Lives, Laws Practices & Strategies in Pakistan. Lahore: Shirkat Gah. Smillie, Ian, 1992, A report on NGOs and Pakistan’s National Conservation Strategy. Karachi: IUCN Pakistan. Sungi Development Foundation, 2001, Voices of the Marginalised. ASU Publication Section Sungi Development Foundation. 786 Printers, Islamabad. Weiss A., and Gilani S.Z., (eds), 2001, Power and Civil Society in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press. Weiss, A., 2001, “Gendered Power Relations: Perpetuation and Renegotiation,” in Weiss and Gilani (eds) Power and Civil Society in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press. World Bank Operations and Evaluations Department, 2002, An Evaluation of the AKRSP. (www-wds.worldbank.org). Zaidi, A.S., 2000, Transforming Urban Settlements, The Orangi Pilot Project’s Low Cost Sanitation Model. Karachi: City Press. Zia, S., 1998, “Women’s Movement: Strategies for Success”, in Shaheed et al (eds) Shaping Women’s Lives, Laws Practices & Strategies in Pakistan. Lahore: Shirkat Gah. 37

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