Ap Psych Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Notes
I. Learning about Stimuli: - Habituation: form of adaptive learning in which an organism stops paying attention to an unchanging, often repeated stimuli
II. Classical Conditioning (C.C.) ( Learning through Associations: A. Pavlov - First demonstrated CC with experiments with dogs 1. 3 Phases i. Natural stimulus causes a natural reflex or response (unlearned ii. Neutral stimulus and the natural stimulus are repeatedly paired eliciting a response iii. Neutral stimulus causes the response alone ( Learned 2. Classical Conditioning Paradigm i. Unconditioned Stimulus: (UCS): natural stimulus that elicits the UCR ii. Unconditioned Response: (UCR): natural response caused by the UCS iii. Natural Stimulus: (NS): does not elicit unconditioned response prior to being conditioned iv. Conditioned Stimulus: (CS): neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the UCS v. Conditioned response: (CR): learned response to the conditioned stimulus UCS ( UCR NS + UCS = UCR CS ( CR EX: John B. Watson: Little Albert Experiment Loud Noise ( Upset/ Afraid Rat + Loud Noise = Upset/ Afraid Rat ( Fear B. CR Over Time 1. Extinction: gradual loss of a CR over time 2. Re-conditioning: pairing the UCS and the NS to cause a CR 3. Spontaneous Recovery: sudden, reappearance of a conditioned response after only 1 presentation of the CS C. Generalization and Discrimination 1. Stimulus Generalization; stimulus similar to but not identical to the CR ( elicits the conditioned response 2. Stimulus Discrimination: being able to differentiate between stimuli similar to the CS D. Signaling of Events - Factors that strengthen the CS, UCS relationship
I. Learning about Stimuli: - Habituation: form of adaptive learning in which an organism stops paying attention to an unchanging, often repeated stimuli
II. Classical Conditioning (C.C.) ( Learning through Associations: A. Pavlov - First demonstrated CC with experiments with dogs 1. 3 Phases i. Natural stimulus causes a natural reflex or response (unlearned ii. Neutral stimulus and the natural stimulus are repeatedly paired eliciting a response iii. Neutral stimulus causes the response alone ( Learned 2. Classical Conditioning Paradigm i. Unconditioned Stimulus: (UCS): natural stimulus that elicits the UCR ii. Unconditioned Response: (UCR): natural response caused by the UCS iii. Natural Stimulus: (NS): does not elicit unconditioned response prior to being conditioned iv. Conditioned Stimulus: (CS): neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the UCS v. Conditioned response: (CR): learned response to the conditioned stimulus UCS ( UCR NS + UCS = UCR CS ( CR EX: John B. Watson: Little Albert Experiment Loud Noise ( Upset/ Afraid Rat + Loud Noise = Upset/ Afraid Rat ( Fear B. CR Over Time 1. Extinction: gradual loss of a CR over time 2. Re-conditioning: pairing the UCS and the NS to cause a CR 3. Spontaneous Recovery: sudden, reappearance of a conditioned response after only 1 presentation of the CS C. Generalization and Discrimination 1. Stimulus Generalization; stimulus similar to but not identical to the CR ( elicits the conditioned response 2. Stimulus Discrimination: being able to differentiate between stimuli similar to the CS D. Signaling of Events - Factors that strengthen the CS, UCS relationship