Preview

Experimental Psychology: Concepts

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1864 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Experimental Psychology: Concepts
NON-ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
Non-associative learning (Single-event learning) is a change in behavior due to repeatedly exposure to a single event and does not involve learning of a relationship between multiple events. It is contrasted with associative learning (e.g. classical conditioning or operant conditioning) that involves learning the associations between different events.

WHAT IS HABITUATION?
Habituation is the decrease of a response to a repeated eliciting stimulus that is not due to sensory adaption or motor fatigue. The habituation process is a form of adaptive behavior that is classified as non-associative learning.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HABITUATION
1-Repeated exposure: Repeated presentation of a stimulus will cause a decrease in response to that stimulus. 2- Frequency: Habituation is sensitive to the ISI (inter-stimulus-interval). Short ISIs are better at promoting short term habituation and long ISIs are better at promoting long-term habituation. 3- Stimulus Specificity: Habituation is stimulus specific. Habituation training on one stimulus does not generalize to other stimuli (Stimuli Discrimination) and any change in the stimulus is likely to result in the reappearance of the habituated response.  Coolidge effect: The Coolidge effect is the enhanced sexual arousal displayed by some species when presented with different sexual partners as opposed to the same sexual partner to whom it has habituated.

5- Intensity: Stimuli with high intensity will first produce sensitization but then get habituated more rapidly in comparison with low intensity stimuli. Highly aversive stimuli (e.g. pain or distress) don’t get habituated. 6- Not due to sensory adaption or motor fatigue: Sensory adaptation (or neural adaptation) occurs when an animal can no longer detect the stimulus as efficiently as when first presented and motor fatigue suggests that an animal is able to detect the stimulus but can no longer respond efficiently.

LONG-TERM HABITUATION
In

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Learning refers to the process whereby experience produces a fairly lasting and adaptive change in behaviour (Passer et al., 2009). Classical conditioning is the process of learning by association which signals the approaching arrival of a significant event. It involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus (US) that will elicit an unconditioned response (UR). With repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that evokes a conditioned response (CR) similar to the original UR (Passer et al., 2009).…

    • 685 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Psychology 101: Chapter 1

    • 1679 Words
    • 7 Pages

    1. After learning the outcome of an event, many people believe they could have predicted that very outcome.…

    • 1679 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Bridger (1961) found that infants’ heart rate increased when a novel sound was presented, but that heart rate increased less and less each time the sound was presented. This is an example of --- habituation…

    • 1547 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The concept of habituation begins with the understanding of the orienting response or orienting reaction. The orienting response or investigatory reflex is the reaction an organism has to any stimulus for the purpose of identifying the source of it and…

    • 2046 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    psychology testing 1

    • 757 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you summarize the major assumptions and fundamental questions associated with psychological testing. Address the following in your paper:…

    • 757 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    The concept of classical conditioning refers to the learning by association. ( This is the(The result of pairing an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) with a conditioned stimulus (CS) .)…

    • 1299 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Memento Essay

    • 430 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Associative learning is learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli or response and its consequences. For example, Sammy Jankis was given a test to see if he could learn that picking up a certain shape would shock him. This tested if he would have a response to the stimulus.…

    • 430 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    At a neurobiological level, learning is “created” by the interconnectedness between neurons (synapses). Hebb proposed that if the postsynaptic neuron fired while the presynaptic terminal was releasing neurotransmitter (NT), the presynaptic neuron would be more likely to influence the postsynaptic neuron on subsequent occasions, i.e. when previously unassociated neurons fire simultaneously on repeated occasions, new links are formed which increase synaptic efficiency (Hebbian learning). Hebbian learning explains Pavlov’s associative learning - classical conditioning. Pavlov carried out…

    • 1850 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Classical conditioning as defined by Comer,(2004) as “ a process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a person’s mind and produce the same response.”…

    • 1543 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Outline the main features of experimental social psychology and consider the influences that led to its emergence. What do you think are its strengths and weaknesses?…

    • 1632 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    3.1 How do sensations travel through the central nervous system, and why are some sensations ignored?…

    • 1283 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    consumer behavior

    • 517 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The term adaptation refers specifically to getting used to certain sensations, becoming accommodated to a certain level of stimulation.…

    • 517 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Another example, when a dog sees another dog, their reaction is either bark, or play. These are the four-major learned behavior: Classical conditioning, Operate conditioning, Insight learning, and Habituation. It’s like, when you put an animal into a zoo (freshly new animal) it’ll likely hide from people when they take pictures. A little over time, they stay out and do whatever, because they know, no harm will happen to them. This phase learned behavior is called Habituation. When a person constantly eats noodles, and suddenly begin to feel disgusted. Then, every time someone would smell or speak of noodles, you’ll feel disgusted. This is an example of Classical conditioning. When my cousin taught my dog to not go inside the kitchen. After constant rewards and punishments, our dog finally got the hang of it, and never went inside the kitchen again. This example is called Operant conditioning. When a person finds a new recipe to a dish, he begins to do some of the things he already knew, to the things he’s learning. This example is called insight learning, which is the hardest level of learning. I wouldn’t say that I have an certain animal in mind, but I really enjoy big cats (Lions, Cheetahs, Tigers, Leopards,…

    • 651 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Miss

    • 9766 Words
    • 40 Pages

    Stimulus generalization is the procedure of reinforcing a response in the presence of a stimulus or situation, and the effect of the response becoming more probable in the presence of another stimulus or situation. An example is of a child in habit of swearing now swears in a different situation, at home, and there will be a different result than at school. Parents are likely to punish/reprimand the child’s word choice. Stimulus discrimination is when a response occurs to a discriminative stimulus (a stimulus in the presence of which a response will be reinforced) and not a stimulus for reinforcement. An example is when a child swears at school, stimulus of peers increases this behaviour as they reinforce it. [Stimulus generalization- person responds the same way to 2 different stimuli, stimulus discrimination- person discriminates between 2 different stimuli.]…

    • 9766 Words
    • 40 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Taste Bud and Sugar Water

    • 830 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Sensory adaption is an occurrence where sensory neurons become less sensitive to stimulation. When you have sensory receptors that change their sensitivity this is also a cause of sensory adaption. A lot of times we become use to things around us like normal sounds, smells and people we see every day. An example would be if you like to go to bars, bars are filled with people, smoking and drinking. You can walk in to a bar for five seconds and when you exit your clothes and hair will smell like smoke making it seem like you have been there for hours.…

    • 830 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays