Ap Biology Unit 9 Study Guide
Biology
Major substances:
Organic compounds – are compounds that contain carbon and were originally made by living things e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Inorganic compounds – are compounds do not contain carbon as a main element
Organic compounds | Composition | Function | Proteins | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen | Used in the structure, storage, movement and transport of cells for growth and repair. | Lipids | Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen | Stores energy but is more difficult to release than carbohydrates. It breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol. Used as stores of energy | Lignin | Composed of a complex polymer | Provided support for stems and leaves of cells to prevent them from collapsing | …show more content…
| Centrioles | A dense granular cylindrical structure made of microtubules | Produces spindles which separates the cell during cell division. |
The organelles that can be seen under a light microscrope are Cell Wall, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria (with staining), Nucleus, Vacuole, Nucleolus and Cytoskeleton. The rest need a higher resolution to be visible to the naked eye, thus the electron microscope is used.
KEY WORDS AND DEFINITIONS - Key Word | Definition | Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction | Permeable | (of a material or membrane) Allowing liquids or gases to pass through it | Concentration | The amount of substance present. | High concentration | There is a lot of that particular substance in one area | Low concentration | There is not a lot of that particular substance in one area | Cell membrane | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell | Substance | A particular kind of matter with uniform properties | Solute | The minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent
Major substances:
Organic compounds – are compounds that contain carbon and were originally made by living things e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Inorganic compounds – are compounds do not contain carbon as a main element
Organic compounds | Composition | Function | Proteins | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen | Used in the structure, storage, movement and transport of cells for growth and repair. | Lipids | Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen | Stores energy but is more difficult to release than carbohydrates. It breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol. Used as stores of energy | Lignin | Composed of a complex polymer | Provided support for stems and leaves of cells to prevent them from collapsing | …show more content…
| Centrioles | A dense granular cylindrical structure made of microtubules | Produces spindles which separates the cell during cell division. |
The organelles that can be seen under a light microscrope are Cell Wall, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria (with staining), Nucleus, Vacuole, Nucleolus and Cytoskeleton. The rest need a higher resolution to be visible to the naked eye, thus the electron microscope is used.
KEY WORDS AND DEFINITIONS - Key Word | Definition | Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction | Permeable | (of a material or membrane) Allowing liquids or gases to pass through it | Concentration | The amount of substance present. | High concentration | There is a lot of that particular substance in one area | Low concentration | There is not a lot of that particular substance in one area | Cell membrane | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell | Substance | A particular kind of matter with uniform properties | Solute | The minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent