International Trade Trade Most economists believe in free trade - the movement of goods between countries in the absence of harsh restrictions placed upon this exchange. The comparative cost principle is that countries should produce whatever they can make the most cheaply. Countries will raise their living standards and income if they specialize in the production of the goods and services in which they have the highest relative productivity: the amount of output produced per unit of an input
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International trade The exchange of goods or services along international borders. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy‚ in which prices‚ or supply and demand‚ affect and are affected by global events. Political change in Asia‚ for example‚ could result in an increase in the cost of labor‚ thereby increasing the manufacturing costs for an American sneaker company based in Malaysia‚ which would then result in an increase in the price that you have to pay to buy the tennis shoes at
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International Trade Frances Bailey ECN 221 – Economic Principles February 18‚ 2013 Professor Nick Bergan Abstract One of the most confusing intolerance times is that free trade discussions are unlimited while free trade itself is growing and growing. For more than a while the government attempted to a global agreement to “lower trade barriers that have gone nowhere.” (Naim‚ 2007) The very last time trade was discussed they had reason to celebrate was in the late
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while in banana production it is 2. a．Graph out the production possibilities frontier: b．What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas? [pic] c．In the absence of trade‚ what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? In the absence of trade‚ since labor is the only factor of production and supply decisions are determined by the attempts of individuals to maximize their earnings in a competitive economy‚ only when [pic]will both goods be produced
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Content I. Vertical Integration II. Horizontal integration III. Economies of scale IV. Economies of scope V. Economic efficiency VI. Proprietary(property or ownership) Know-how VII. Monopoly VIII. Oligopoly IX. perfect competition (pure competition) business definition X. workable competition business definition XI. Cost leadership XII. Differentiation (economics) XIII. Barriers to exit XIV. Inventory flow XV. Incoterms XVI. Multinational Corporation
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International trade Payment methods Payment Methods for International Trade * Prepayments: The goods will not be shipped until the buyer has paid the seller. * Time of payment: Before shipment * Goods available to buyers: After payment * Risk to exporter: None * Risk to importer: Relies completely on exporter to ship goods as ordered * Letter of Credit (L/C): These are issued by a bank on behalf of the importer promising to pay the exporter upon presentation of the shipping
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International Trade Homework #2 (Chapter 5) Plus the Articles from the online Packet Article: “End of Bumpy Road” 1. Based on what we have read in Ch 5‚ discuss the effects of Korea’s agricultural policies on trade. 2. The very last sentence mentions “real market prices”. What is meant by this? 3. How much impact do Korean agricultural policies have on the prices in question 2? Explain. Chapter 5 1. Assume that Norway and Sweden trade with each other‚ with Norway exporting fish to
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welfare when the: a. Trade diversion effect exceeds the trade creation effect b. Trade production effect exceeds the trade consumption effect c. Trade consumption effect exceeds the trade production effect d. Trade creation effect exceeds the trade diversion effect 5. Which economic integration scheme is solely intended to abolish trade restrictions among member countries‚ while setting up common tariffs against nonmembers? a. Economic union b. Common market c. Free trade area d. Customs union
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Modern non-tariff measures 1. Import deposit schemes: this requires importers to deposit a certain amount with the central bank of the country. This makes importing more time consuming and more expensive and reduces the liquidity of the importing firm. 2. Voluntary Export Restrain (VER): it is an agreement between two countries where the government of exporting country agrees voluntary to restrict the volume of its exports of a certain good. Ex. Japan’s VER with USA in the export of motor
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Zara International was a retail shop originated in La Coruna‚ Spain in 1975. It was clothing and accessories shop and imitated the latest fashion trends and sold them at a lower cost. It became Zara International after entering Portugal in 1988 and then the United States and France in the 1990s. The distributor for this brand is Inditex and is considered the most successful retail chain in the world. Zara has a business strategy that is very different from the retailers nowadays. If a customer orders
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