Journal of Applied Psychology 1973‚ Vol. 58‚ No. 1‚ 116-121 EFFECTS OF ITEM FORMAT ON ITEM DISCRIMINATION AND DIFFICULTY ARTHUR L. DUDYCHA 1 AND JAMES B. CARPENTER 2 Purdue University The tests and measurement literature is replete with multiple-choice item construction rules‚ most of which have little or no empirical verification. Item stem orientation (positive/negative)‚ structure (open/closed)‚ and the presence or absence of an inclusive alternative were systematically investigated
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The Phillips Curve and the Philippines According to Cristeta B. Bagsic‚ the Phillips Curve “depicts the trade-off between inflation and unemployment rate” (“The Phillips Curve and Inflation Forecasting: The Case of the Philippines”). Nowadays‚ the relationship depicted by the Phillips curve is specified in the following equation: πt = πe – γ(UR – UR*) + v where πt is the inflation rate‚ πe is the expected inflation‚ γ is a parameter‚ UR is the unemployment rate‚ UR* is the natural rate of unemployment
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is the fundamental source of profit for any business. Understanding consumer behavior is the first step in making profitable pricing‚ advertising‚ product design and production decisions. In order to make marketing decisions‚ managers need to know how consumers choose the bundle of goods and services they actually purchase from all possible bundles that they could purchase. Managers should be aware of the consumer-choice process when estimating the demand for the firms’ products‚ forecasting future
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the demand curve? To show what the consumer should do to maximize utility‚ a budget line must be added to the preferences shown in the indifference curves. The picture below adds one. Point a is not attainable because it lies to the right of the budget line. The consumer is indifferent between points b and d because they lie on the same indifference curve‚ but point d is cheaper than b because d lies below the budget line. The consumer wants to get on the highest indifference curve affordable
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production possibilities curves to determine levels of efficiency‚ inefficiency‚ economic growth and technological improvement. The production possibilities curve (PPC) is a graph that shows the different quantities of the two goods (in this case‚ maize and shirts) that an economy (Botswana) could efficiently produce with the limited productive resources. To be able to illustrate this simply we assume that the economy of Botswana behaves as if the only thing to consider is how to allocate its currently
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BTEC Extended Diploma in Applied Science Assignment Four: Physiology & Function of Human Body Systems Task One Draw a large annotated diagram of the lymphatic system‚ Identify the different types of cells of the lymphatic system and relate their structure to their function‚ including the role of tissue fluid and drainage. (P7) Task Two Make a clear written explanation detailing how the lymphatic system is involved in the protection of the human body and
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Examine the salient features of the Phillips`s Curves. How might elementary textbooks be criticised for writing ‘inflation’ on the vertical axis? Introduction Philips curve‚ named after A.W. Philips‚ has caused many fierce debates in the area of macroeconomics since the World War II. Based on the data of wages and employment in UK from 1861to 1957‚ Phillips concluded that there had been an inverse relationship between the percentage rate of unemployment and the percentage rate of change in
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Movement along the demand curve: There are many factors determining demand- the prime one being price. Price and quantity are the two components which form the demand curve. Any change in these two variables doesn’t cause a shift in the demand curve but a movement along what is already existent. When prices vary‚ quantity is altered. Usually‚ applying the law of demand‚ more will be consumed when prices drop and vice versa. When more goods are consumed due to a drop in prices there is an expansion
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Applied Ethics “Is it morally impermissible to use animals medically for human sake?” To begin with‚ we have to point out that under which situation is permissible to use animals for human sake. We believe we can only use animals when it exerts constructive and affirmative influence to human beings which means it might save lives and enhance the quality of living on a general basis and most importantly‚ when there is no existing alternative. Using animals medically for human sake is morally
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How the effectiveness of HCIs may be measured Quantitative measures of effectiveness Speed The speed at which an interface interacts with the user is fundamental to its effectiveness. If it reacts very slowly to a user then it is likely to be ineffective. Speed can be measured as: • How quickly the user can input a command • The speed at which a user can type in any data • The speed of throughput‚ or the response given by the interface • The length of time necessary for the user to comprehend
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