Chapter 12 Capital Structure and Leverage LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: • Explain why capital structure policy involves a trade-off between risk and return‚ and list the four primary factors that influence capital structure decisions. • Distinguish between a firm’s business risk and its financial risk. • Explain how operating leverage contributes to a firm’s business risk and conduct a breakeven analysis‚ complete with
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California Pizza Kitchen‚ Inc. (CPK) is a United States based dining restaurants chain. The company primarily offers a mixture of assortments of hearth-baked pizzas‚ a wide variety of unique appetizers‚ desserts‚ pastas‚ salads‚ soups and sandwiches. CPK operates across more than 253 locations in 32 states‚ the District of Columbia and 10 foreign countries. It owns 205 and 48 franchised restaurants across the world and is headquartered at Dover‚ Delaware. An external analysis of the California Pizza
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Capital Structure Theories Capital Structure Capital Structure is the proportion of debt‚ preference and equity capitals in the total financing of the firm’s assets. The main objective of financial management is to maximize the value of the equity shares of the firm. Given this objective‚ the firm has to choose that financing mix/capital structure that results in maximizing the wealth of the equity shareholders. Such a capital structure is called as the optimum capital structure. At the optimum
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Capital Structure Practice Problems 1. Hayfin Enterprises has the following operating results and capital structure: Hayfin Enterprises ($000s) | | | Financial Data | | Revenue | $ 6‚000 | Operating Expenses | $ (4‚500) | EBIT (Operating Profit) | $ 1‚500 | | | Debt | $ 1‚200 | Equity | $ 8‚800 | Total Capital | $ 10‚000 | Interest rate on debt = 9% Share price = $25 (MV = BV) The firm is contemplating
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Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank1 and Vidhan K. Goyal2 First draft: March 14‚ 2003. Current draft: December 20‚ 2003. ABSTRACT This paper examines the relative importance of 38 factors in the leverage decisions of publicly traded U.S. firms from 1950 to 2000. The most reliable factors are median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book ratio (-)‚ collateral (+)‚ bankruptcy risk as measured by Altman’s Z-Score (-)‚ dividend-paying
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Kale et al (1991) suggests that the level of risk is one of the main determinants of a firm`s capital structure. By looking at the trade off theory we might expect a negative association when risk and leverage are concerned. If firms have high earnings volatility‚ for some obvious reasons‚ they would not want to indulge in debt financing. It follows that when firms are exposed to bankruptcy and agency costs greater is the incentive to reduce the level of debt otherwise the more volatile a firm`s
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What would you do if you won $500‚000? If you won $500‚000 in the lottery‚ what would you spend it on? There are a lot of different ways that people would choose to spend this money. Some people would choose to spend it on themselves‚ others would choose to give it all away to charity. The way I would spend it would be a mixture of the two. (67) First‚ I would take $250‚000 and put it in the bank. If it is in the bank for a while‚ it will draw around four to five thousand dollars in interest
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OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION This report tries to visualize “OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE” and represent the facts that include features of capital structure‚ determinants of capital structure‚ and patterns of capital structure‚ types and theories of capital structure‚ theory of optimal capital structure‚ risk associated with capital structure‚ external assessment of capital structure and some assumption related to capital structure. BROAD OBJECTIVE • To determine features of capital structure
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Capital Structure and Profit Capital Structure Definition A unite of a company’s long-term debt‚ specific short-term debt‚ common equity and preferred equity. The capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. Debt comes in the form of bond issues or long-term notes payable‚ whereas equity is classified as common stock‚ preferred stock or retained earnings. Also‚ Short-term debt such as working capital requirements is considered
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Running Head: WORKING CAPITAL POLICY Working Capital Policy Mariano Santana University of Phoenix Table of Contents Introduction. 3 Danaher’s Working Capital. .. .3 Cash Balance Requirements..... ...3 Credit Policy .4 Supplier Negotiation Strategy ..4 Short-term Financing Strategy .5 Metrics.. . . .5 Ethical Implications
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