Course: IB Economics SL Commentary number: 1 School name: Candidate name: Candidate number: Date commentary was written: 24 May 2014 Section of the syllabus to which the commentary relates: Section 1 – Microeconomics Word count: 745 Source of extract: Richard J. Brennan‚ Published on Thu May 01 2014‚ Tax on cigarettes going up http://www.thestar.com/news/queenspark/2014/05/01/tax_on_cigarettes_going_up.html Article: Tax
Premium Supply and demand Tobacco Elasticity
Negative and Positive Freedom – An Introduction Negative freedom The concept of negative freedom centres on freedom from interference. This type of account of freedom is usually put forward in response to the following sort of question: What is the area within which the subject – a person or group of persons – is or should be left to do or be what he is able to do or be‚ without interference by other persons? (Berlin) Or‚ more simply‚ ‘Over what area am I master?’ Theories of negative freedom spell
Premium Political philosophy Anarchism Liberalism
’Externality’ A consequence of an economic activity that is experienced by unrelated third parties. An externality can be either positive or negative. (Ref: www.investopedia.com) As an example of the above definition: Pollution from a factory can affect the health of nearby residents – negative The same factory can provide jobs to nearby residents – positive Negative externality is two part: production and consumption. I will be using both these externalities in my following discussion on pollution
Premium Pollution
Most utilitarian theories deal with producing the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. Negative utilitarianism (NU) requires us to promote the least amount of evil or harm‚ or to prevent the greatest amount of suffering for the greatest number. Proponents like Karl Popper‚ Christoph Fehige and Clark Wolf argue that this is a more effective ethical formula‚ since‚ they contend‚ the greatest harms are more consequential than the greatest goods. Karl Popper also referred to an
Premium Utilitarianism Karl Popper
Attitudes are contagious. Negative attitudes at the workplace bring an organisation towards failure in the long run. There are many things which contribute to a negative work environment. Here are some forms of negative attitudes: • Meetings in which most of the discussion is on what is going wrong rather than about ideas on how to solve the problem. • Groups of people complain about the way the company is being run and how the company is “screwing them over.” • Upper management seems to care
Premium Management Addition Integer
global warming .………………. 12 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………….......................................... 14 APPENDIX……………………………………………………………….. ………………..... 15 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………17 Introduction My hypothesis is focused on the negative impact of technological advances and how technology has changed mankind’s views today. In this study‚ we look at various topics about things we interact with almost every day of our lives‚ I believe that mankind has formed an unhealthy attachment
Premium Technology Global warming Neolithic
Negative Effects of Globalization Today‚ the world seems to be smaller than before as interactions among different countries have increased. The effects of globalization can be felt in practically every aspect of our lives today. According to Professor Litz‚ "Drinking cappuccino and Perrier water‚ eating sushi‚ or listening to American or British rock on an iPod while driving the Toyota over to McDonald’s dressed in our known-brand jeans are becoming increasingly common worldwide activities" (Litz)
Premium Globalization Tourism Culture
Morning! “Love makes everything come alive‚ it can turn the ugliest caterpillar into the most beautiful butterfly‚ and it can change the world so that it’s never dark‚ or sad or painful...” This is the line that marked on my mind after watching the movie Suddenly It’s Magic. I myself‚ really do believe in love‚ how about you? Do you believe in love? Do you know the true meaning of love? Well‚ I am here to give you some knowledge about love. The first kind of love is the most impossible love‚ the Platonic
Free Love
September 6‚ 2014 Negative Effects of Technology Technology has had a negative effect on people’s lives. Technology has distracted kids‚ caused accidents‚ and health problems. It’s actually kind of sad. Technology has negatively affected kids in such a huge way‚ especially in schools. Most kids claim they’re bored so they pull out their cell phones or Ipods. Their attention span isn’t but so big‚ so they tend to get distracted easily by fumbling with their phones and playing games. This is
Premium Mobile phone Carpal tunnel syndrome Text messaging
to increase the frequency or probability of a response occurring again. (Slavin‚ 2006). It is extremely important to remember that both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are processes that strengthen a behaviour; that is‚ they both increase the probability that the behaviour will occur in the future. Positive and negative reinforcement are distinguished only by the nature of the consequence that follows the behaviour. Positive reinforcement occurs when the occurrence of a behaviour
Premium Reinforcement Operant conditioning B. F. Skinner