A problem-solving search can either forward or backward. What factors determine the choice of direction for a particular problem? Farword Versus Backword Reasoning. FORWARD VERSUS BACKWARD REASONING (Search Direction) A search procedure must find a path between initial and goal states. There are two directions in which a search process could proceed. (1) Reason forward from the initial states: Being form the root of the search tree. General the next level of the tree by finding all the rules whose
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Teaching Listening Listening is the language modality that is used most frequently. It has been estimated that adults spend almost half their communication time listening‚ and students may receive as much as 90% of their in-school information through listening to instructors and to one another. Often‚ however‚ language learners do not recognize the level of effort that goes into developing listening ability. Far from passively receiving and recording aural input‚ listeners actively involve themselves
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Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy Brown‚ H. D. (1994). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs‚ New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents. 416 pp. Reviewed by Gail Schaefer Fu The Chinese University of Hong Kong H. Douglas Brown’s Teaching by Principles is intended for teachers in training -- those who intend to be teachers but who have little or no classroom experience -- and for teachers who train teachers. It is
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What Is Portfolio? Although portfolios are used in the assessment of student’s performance in nowadays‚ they are used as a method by architects‚ painters‚ photographers and artists in showing their works. However‚ as portfolio has been used for different purposes it maybe different from than that of artists. It is not possible to use only one definition for portfolio. Definition of portfolio may change according to users’ purpose and way of usage. Many researchers defined portfolio in order
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WHAT IS TEACHING? "I believe that the teacher ’s place and work in the school is to be interpreted from this same basis. The teacher is not in the school to impose certain ideas or to form certain habits in the child‚ but is there as a member of the community to select the influences which shall affect the child and to assist him in properly responding to these influences." (Dewey‚ 1897) "Dogma is actually the only thing that cannot be separated from education. It IS education. A teacher who is not
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Is Teaching a Profession? For the last 50 years educators have devoted a great deal of energy to the debate over whether teaching can be considered a profession. Unfortunately‚ this turns out to have been the wrong question‚ and so led us to the wrong sort of answers. For example‚ there was a very heated debate in the 1960s and 1970s over whether teachers could organize strikes and still claim that they were members of a professional association‚ rather than a union. This controversy only makes
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Any time one decides to learn something new‚ or make some sort of positive change‚ there is going to be some work or effort involved‚ a price to pay. Just know that the price is worth it. Imagine being able to achieve anything you want! Imagine being able to have anything you want‚ be anything you want‚ do anything you want. You really can‚ if you know how. So when you think about a goal‚ something you want to achieve or accomplish‚ your mind might naturally go to what you don’t want or what you’re
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In becoming the principal that I want to be‚ I know the value of relying upon leadership practices that have been modeled in my own Catholic school experiences and that are varied as the administrators’ leaderships were before me. I realize that one size does not fit all and to be a leader that is a journey that needs fluidity and yet a concrete plan to achieve strong leadership. I want to flexible in my leadership and as Dr. Murphy states‚ xxnot be “ way too comfortable” (Lecture 7/12/16). I intend
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Students And How They Learn‚ in the book‚ Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors (Third Edition)‚ by Linda B. Neilson. Regards‚ Rick Reis” from Tomorrow’s Professor Mailing List‚ sponsored by the Stanford Center for Teaching and Learning at http://cgi.stanford.edu/~dept-ctl/tomprof/posting.php?ID=1047 Teaching the Millennial Generation If you are teaching traditional-age students‚ you need to know
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TEACHING & LEARNING RATIONALE HHN1012 COHORT 7 MARCH 2012 NUROUL NATZIATUL NADHEA BINTI MOHD NAJIB U1179259 Introduction Presentation and lecture are commonly traditional methods widely used in teaching organization‚ where such values in these techniques are sometimes difficult to understand by the students. The material that the educator trying to teach the students sometimes bores them or makes them confused which eventually make study ineffective. To be an effective educator‚ he or
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