the next day. A normal sleep cycle consists of 5 stages‚ 1‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4‚ and REM. If sleep is disturbed it can cause problems with health and everyday life. Stage 1 is when sleep is light and one can be awakened easily. In this stage we begin to drift in and out of sleep‚ the eyes move slow and muscle activity slows. Stage 1 lasts about five minutes and is followed by stage 2. Stage 2 eye movement stops and brain waves become slower with bursts of rapid waves called spindles. Stage 2 lasts around 10
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title: Preparation of Biological Materials for Microscopic Examination Objectives: 1. To learn how to use a microscope. 2. To study the cell structure of starch grains‚ onion cells and cheek cells. 3. To differentiate the difference between starch grains‚ onion cells and cheek cells. Introduction: Microscope is an optical instrument use to magnify micro objects that hardly or impossible to be observed by naked eyes‚ so that the objects can be studied. Compound light microscope is one
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Stem cells -are biological cells found in all multi cellularorganisms‚ that can divide (throughmitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells. In mammals‚ there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells‚ which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts‚ and adult stem cells‚ which are found in various tissues. In adult organisms‚ stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body‚ replenishing
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Evolution of Sickle Cell Sickle Cell was discovered in the United states although it originated in Africa . The sickle cell disease (SCD) describes traits of an inherited red blood cell disorder‚ having SCD means you have abnormal hemoglobin‚ called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin‚ in your red blood cells. What is hemoglobin u might ask?! Well Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that is suppose to carry oxygen throughout the body. But when a sickle cell trait is “Inherited” it could
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4000310515center095000420003263900175001760220OSMOSIS IN POTATO CELLS 450000OSMOSIS IN POTATO CELLS 42672007972425Aruna DhungelbIOLOGY 2A OCTOBER-28-14 00Aruna DhungelbIOLOGY 2A OCTOBER-28-14 Osmosis in Potato Cells Aruna Dhungel Biology 2A October 28 2014 Purpose: To see how much osmosis or diffusion will occurs in potato cell based on the concentration of molarity. Procedure: Obtained 3 cups and label A‚ B‚ and C To cup A added 150ml H2O and 8.775gNaCl (stirred
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CELL INJURY: CAUSES OF CELL INJURY‚ MECHANISMS OF REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY. CELL INJURY. Causes of cell injury range from gross mechanical external causes to mild endogenous causes as genetic lack of enzymes etc. Virtually all forms of tissue injuries start with molecular or structural alterations in cells. Under normal conditions‚ the cells are in: ❖ homeostastatic „steady“ state Normal cell is confined to relatively narrow range of functions and structure by
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HeLa Cells are Important to Science Henrietta Lacks‚ a poor black woman in the 1950’s‚ unknowingly had samples taken from her cervical cancer specimen and changed science from that point on. Due to the continuous self-reproduction of the cells‚ HeLa cells are the most important cell line ever discovered by scientists to date! Popsci.com gave five reasons of why HeLa cells are so important to society. Popsci.com explained‚ “1. Before HeLa cells‚ scientists spent more time trying to keep cells alive
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Cell Fusion Introduction: The fusion of cells is a fundamental biological event that is essential for a variety of developmental and homeostatic processes. The importance of cell-cell fusion during development and disease is displayed in a variety of biological processes including‚ but not limited to‚ fertilization‚ development of tissues‚ the immune response‚ and aspects of tissue regeneration due to stem cells (Chen and Olson‚ 2005). Fertilization‚ which is the fusion of sperm and egg‚
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Blood Cells Leukocytes (WBC’s) Leukocytes also known as white blood cells (WBCs) are cells which play a defensive roll in the body against injury and infection. They migrate towards tissues where they are needed and become functional performing various activities. WBCs can be divided into 2 groups: Polymorphonuclear granulocytes and mononuclear agranulocytes. Both types are spherical while suspended in blood plasma but when they invade tissues after leaving the blood vessels they become amoeboid
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and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example‚ animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed‚ rectangular shapes. Animal Cell Plant Cell Cell wall Absent Present (formed of cellulose) Shape Round (irregular shape) Rectangular (fixed shape) Vacuole One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells). One‚ large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume.
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