Synthesis of Phenols You can prepare phenols in large quantities by the pyrolysis of the sodium salt of benzene sulfonic acid‚ by the Dow process‚ and by the air oxidation of cumene. Each of these processes is described below. You can also prepare small amounts of phenol by the peroxide oxidation of phenylboronic acid and the hydrolysis of diazonium salts. Pyrolysis of sodium benzene sulfonate In this process‚ benzene sulfonic acid is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting salt
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EXP-10 CHEM 233L SYNTHESIS OF p-BROMOANILINE Introduction: In this experiment‚ p-bromoaniline was synthesized in three steps starting from aniline. Since the amino group of aniline is a strong activator of aromatic ring‚ direct bromination is impractical (equation 1). In order to make a desired product‚ amino group needed to be protected as the acetamide which also maintained ortho and para position but slowed down the rate of reaction (equation 2). Slow reaction rate would increase
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Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3 Objectives: To observe the solubility of alcohols relative to their chemical structure‚ to perform chemical tests to distinguish primary‚ secondary and tertiary alcohols‚ and a color test for phenol. Introduction The general formula of an alcohol is ROH in which the R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Alcohols may be looked upon as derivatives of water‚ HOH. One hydrogen of water is substituted by an alkyl group‚ R. Like water‚ alcohols show hydrogen
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Synthesis of p-Nitroacetanilide (electrophilic aromatic substitution) In this experiment‚ we convert acetanilide to p-nitroacetanilide. [pic] The mechanism for the nitration is that of electrophilic aromatic substitution. The nitronium ion is directed to the positions ortho and para to the acetamido (-NHCOCH3) group. This occurs because the resonance electron-releasing effect of that group increases the electron density at those positions‚ helping to stabilize the intermediates that
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Identify and describe the six major processes involved in gastrointestinal activity. Ingestion which takes in food‚ propulsion which contains peristalsis(alternates the contracting and relaxation) and segmentation(movement of food back and fourth across an organ mixing with the digestive juices)‚mechanical digestion(breaks food into smaller peices)‚chemical digestion(breakdown large molecules into their building blocks; occurs in the mouth‚ stomach‚ & small intestines)‚absorption(transport of nutrients
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6 Bones and Skeletal • Human skeleton is initially made up of cartilages and fibrous membranes as early supports – These are replaced by bone as we grow – The cartilages found in adults are in places where flexible skeletal tissue is needed Skeletal Cartilages • Contain no _______ ________ or ______‚ and consist mainly of water • Dense irregular connective tissue girdle of perichondrium (around the cartilage) contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage – Nutrients
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Cytodyne Methoxy-Pro is a great protein powder with methoxyisoflavones to encourage muscle growth. Methoxy-Pro is one of those very rare sports supplements that time after time continue to surpass expectations. Fact is‚ no other protein on the market today can match Methoxy-Pro’s remarkable ability to stimulate lean muscle growth. So it’s no wonder that our customers prefer this one-of-a kind super anabolic formula to any other protein product the industry has to offer. This revolutionary complex
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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BACKGROUND :- These resins are Thermoplastic Polymers manufactured by copolymerization of cyclic terpene hydrocarbon (like Pinene‚ Carene etc.) and phenol. There are various grades of this resin with softening points ranging from 70 - 110C. These resins are compatible with Natural and Synthetic Rubbers‚ Rosin‚ Alkyd resins‚ and most of the plasticizers and waxes. Applications are in the manufacture of tubes‚ tyres‚ gaskets‚ cables‚ pressure sensitive adhesives‚ hot melt adhesives‚ surgical
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A&P 2; final exam III 1. _______ and _______ "bioactivate" thyroid hormone by removing a single "outer-ring" iodine atom. D1 and D2 2. _______ and the _______ regulate virtually all aspects of growth‚ development‚ and homeostasis pituitary; hypothalamus 3. _______ are a component of signal transduction cascades secondary messengers 4. _______ binds to specific call surface receptors that stimulate adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP TSH 5. _______ control growth and development hormones
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