An investigation into the effects of varying seawater concentrations on two marine invertebrates’ osmoregulatory abilities; Carcinus maenas and Arenicola marina. Introduction The concentration of solutes in the bodily fluids of most marine invertebrates is roughly isosmotic to their environment (Raven‚ 2008). Because there is no osmotic gradient there is no tendency for the net diffusion of water away from the animal’s cells to occur. When a change in salinity occurs some organisms have the ability
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Test Anxiety and Student Performance Abstract Test anxiety is a real and measureable problem student’s face regardless of their grade or level of academic achievement. Test anxiety can also adversely affect how students participate in and view the learning process long term. This study was designed to examine the effects of test anxiety on high school students specifically‚ and how the stress associated with the processes or outcomes of standardized testing can negatively impact their performance
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6.3 A Nonpararnetric Alternative The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test The two-sample t test of the previous section was based on several conditions: independent samples‚ normality‚ and equal variances. When the conditions of normality and equal variances are not valia but the sample sizes are large‚ the ~.. . ~ . Wilcoxon rank sum test - ; . . ::::[h‚ 1 FIGURE 6.7 Skewed population distributions identical in shape but shifted 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.0 0 10
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processed in three categories: shoe size‚ height‚ gender. Descriptive statistics was applied to three separate data sets‚ one with all participants included‚ one sets with just female participants‚ and one with just male participants. Then a two sample t-test was conducted with the assumption that there were unequal variances amongst both male and female data sets. Results There is a normal distribution of the data with ranges in size from size 5 to size 14 amongst the participants. With these ranges
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Using SPSS for Data Analysis: Support Document for SPSS Output Tables 1 OFFICE OF PLANNING‚ ASSESSMENT‚ RESEARCH AND QUALITY Using SPSS for Data Analysis: Support Document for SPSS Output Tables Prepared by: UW-Stout Office of Planning‚ Assessment‚ Research & Quality (PARQ) Tynan Heller Susan Greene Revised on 8/29/12 Prepared for: UW-Stout Campus Report distributed to: UW-Stout Campus DOCUMENT NO: BPA-900 APPROVAL: Susan Greene The user is responsible for ensuring this is the
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also take advantage of the evolving healthcare. In this paper‚ we present a study to analyze the effectiveness of a new iPad App designed to help low literacy adults manage health awareness. Keywords Low-literacy‚ experimental design‚ paired t-test INTRODUCTION Researchers have investigated that illiterate people are at high risk of poor health because they lack knowledge and understanding of medical information [1]. The low literacy adults have difficulty interpreting the medical information
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a casual relationship can be assumed between IV & DV. External validity: degree to which you can generalize the results of your study to some underlying population T-test One sample t-test – A: data should arise from a normal population Paired t-test – A: differences should arise from a normal population Two sample t-test – A: samples must be independent‚ arise from a normal distribution &
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Introduction Training is the process of enhancing the skills‚ capabilities and knowledge of employees for doing a particular job. Training process moulds the thinking of employees and leads to quality performance of employees. It is continuous and never ending in nature. Training is crucial for organizational development and success. It is fruitful to both employers and employees of an organization. An employee will become more efficient and productive if he is trained well. An efficient training
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DIFFERENCES IN SUN AND SHADE LEAVES OF AVOCADO TREES BY PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY INTRODUCTION: Phenotypic plasticity‚ or differing phenotypes from one genotype in different environmental conditions‚ is a way for sessile organisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions (Valladares et al.‚ 2007). Plasticity was expected to be abundant‚ however‚ it did not occur as often in nature due to resource limitations and environmental stress (Valladares et al.‚ 2007). An experiment by Matos tested
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considering the three indicators‚ palatability‚ taste‚ and texture‚ had the highest computed AWM among the three treatments. Thus‚ T1 is claimed as highly acceptable. The two-population means‚ which were the independent samples‚ were subjected to t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the level of acceptability of the Squash Ice cream and the commercial ice cream in terms of palatability‚ taste and texture. The following were the conclusions
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